<pre class=

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 35]Code Context                        <div class="row">
                            <div class="col-md-12">
                                <h1><?php echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['title']; ?></h1>
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 35
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 52]Code Context                                    <?php 
                                     //echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['date'];
                                    $mydate=explode("-",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['date']);
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 52
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 1 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 53]Code Context                                     //echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['date'];
                                    $mydate=explode("-",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['date']);
                                     $moth[]=$mydate[1];
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 53
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 2 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 54]Code Context                                    $mydate=explode("-",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['date']);
                                     $moth[]=$mydate[1];
                                     $day[]=$mydate[2];
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 54
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 1 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 57]Code Context                                    //$day[]=$mydate[3];
                                    ?>
                                        <span class="day"><?php echo $mydate[1] ?></span>
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 57
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 2 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 58]Code Context                                    ?>
                                        <span class="day"><?php echo $mydate[1] ?></span>
                                        <span class="month"><?php echo  $mydate[2] ?></span>
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 58
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 61]

Code Context

                                    </div>
                                            <div >
                                                    <img src="<?php echo '../../img/admin/before/'.$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['before'] ?>" width="100%" alt="">

$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)

include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 61
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

../../img/admin/before/" width="100%" alt="">

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 67]Code Context                                    <div class="post-content">

                                        <h3><?php echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['title']; ?></h3>
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 67
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 68]Code Context
                                        <h3><?php echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['title']; ?></h3>
                                        <?php  $tokan_cat= $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['sub_category'];
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 68
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 77]Code Context                                               {
                                                 $news_data= $this->User->my_token_pre($tokan_cat);
                                                 $news_title= $news_data[0]['Add_news_categorys']['title'];
$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$tokan_cat = null
$news_data = array()
include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 77
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

News Update Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 82]

Code Context

                                        <div class="post-meta">
                                            <span><i class="fa fa-user"></i> <a href="<?php echo $this->Html->url(array("controller"=>"User","action"=>"news")); ?>"><?php if(!empty($res[0]['News_product_teeths']['my_token'])) { echo 'Treatments News'; } else { echo 'News Update'; } ?></a> </span>
                                            <span><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> <a href="<?php echo $this->Html->url(array("controller"=>"User","action"=>"news",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['sub_category'])); ?>"><?php if(!empty($news_title)) {

$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '7',
			'title' => 'Achievements',
			'my_token' => 'godc8'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '8',
			'title' => 'Continuing Education',
			'my_token' => 'uiakr'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '9',
			'title' => 'Dental Blogs',
			'my_token' => 'jchle'
		)
	)
)
$resnew = ''
$mydate = array(
	(int) 0 => ''
)
$moth = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$day = array(
	(int) 0 => null
)
$tokan_cat = null
$news_title = null
$news_data = array()

include - APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 82
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971
View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933
View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473
Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963
Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200
Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167
[main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 117

/User/news"> Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 84]

Code Context

                                            <span><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> <a href="<?php echo $this->Html->url(array("controller"=>"User","action"=>"news",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['sub_category'])); ?>"><?php if(!empty($news_title)) { 
                                             echo $news_title; } ?></a></span>
                                            <span><i class="fa fa-comments"></i> <a href="<?php echo $this->Html->url(array("controller"=>"User","action"=>"newspost",$res[0]['News_product_teeths']['id'])); ?>"><?php echo $res[0]['News_product_teeths']['title']; ?></a> </span>

$viewFile = '/home/u301904062/domains/smilebydesign.co/public_html/app/View/User/newspost.ctp'
$dataForView = array(
	'res' => array(),
	'result3' => array(
		(int) 0 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 1 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 2 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 3 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 4 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 5 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 6 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		),
		(int) 7 => array(
			'Add_news_categorys' => array(
				[maximum depth reached]
			)
		)
	),
	'resnew' => ''
)
$res = array()
$result3 = array(
	(int) 0 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '1',
			'title' => 'Innovation',
			'my_token' => 'nwimw'
		)
	),
	(int) 1 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '2',
			'title' => 'Gereral Awareness',
			'my_token' => 'hnav4'
		)
	),
	(int) 2 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '3',
			'title' => 'Recent Advancements At Our Centre',
			'my_token' => '4fzbi'
		)
	),
	(int) 3 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '5',
			'title' => 'Published Articles',
			'my_token' => '6ln71'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_news_categorys' => array(
			'id' => '6',
			'title' => 'Patient Education',
			'my_token' => 'jldtq'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
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/User/newspost">

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Notice (8): Undefined offset: 0 [APP/View/User/newspost.ctp, line 88]Code Context
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News Updates

Gum (periodontal) Disease

Relative News

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			'title' => 'Gum (periodontal) Disease',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_43_am_Gum-(periodontal)-Disease.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#pagelink1">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink2">What causes gum (periodontal) disease?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink3">Gingivitis</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink4">Periodontitis</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink5">Risk Factors</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink5">Who gets periodontal disease?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink6">What can I do to prevent gum disease?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink7">How do I know if I have periodontal disease?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink8">How is periodontal disease treated?</a>
	<ul>
	<li><a href="#pagelink9">Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planning)</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink10">Medications</a></li>
	<li><a href="#pagelink11">Surgery</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>

	<li><a href="#pagelink12">Can periodontal disease cause health problems beyond the mouth?</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/20">F.A.Q.</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/12">Before And After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2>Introduction<a class="pglnk" name="pagelink1"></a></h2>

<p>If you have been told you have gum (periodontal) disease, you&#39;re not alone. An estimated 80 percent of Indian adults currently have some form of the disease.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/201442d.jpg" style="height:211px; width:300px" /></p>

<p>Periodontal diseases range from simple gum inflammation to serious disease that results in major damage to the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. In the worst cases, teeth are lost.</p>

<p>Gum disease is a threat to your oral health. Research is also pointing to possible health effects of periodontal diseases that go well beyond your mouth (more about this later). Whether it is stopped, slowed, or gets worse depends a great deal on how well you care for your teeth and gums every day, from this point forward.</p>

<h2>What causes Gum (Periodontal) disease?<a id="pagelink2" class="pglnk" name="pagelink2"></a></h2>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/42e9207.gif" style="height:378px; width:523px" /></p>

<p>Our mouths are full of bacteria. These bacteria, along with mucus and other particles, constantly form a sticky, colorless &quot;plaque&quot; on teeth. Brushing and flossing help get rid of plaque. Plaque that is not removed can harden and form bacteria-harboring &quot;tartar&quot; that brushing doesn&#39;t clean. Only a professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist can remove tartar.</p>

<h2>Gingivitis<a id="pagelink3" class="pglnk" name="pagelink3"></a></h2>

<p>The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums that is called &quot;gingivitis.&quot; In gingivitis, the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing and flossing, and regular cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist. This form of gum disease does not include any loss of bone and tissue that hold teeth in place.</p>

<h2>Periodontitis<a id="pagelink4" class="pglnk" name="pagelink4"></a></h2>

<p>When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to &quot;periodontitis&quot; (which means &quot;inflammation around the tooth.&quot;) In periodontitis, gums pull away from the teeth and form &quot;pockets&quot; that are infected. The body&#39;s immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. Bacterial toxins and the body&#39;s enzymes fighting the infection actually start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. If not treated, the bones, gums, and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed. The teeth may eventually become loose and have to be removed.</p>

<h2>Who gets periodontal disease?<a id="pagelink5" class="pglnk" name="pagelink5"></a></h2>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/3242539.jpg" style="height:169px; width:200px" /></p>

<ul>
	<li><strong>Smoking. </strong>Need another reason to quit smoking? Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors associated with the development of periodontitis. Additionally, smoking can lower chances of success of some treatments.</li>
	<li><strong>Hormonal changes in girls/women.</strong> These changes can make gums more sensitive and make it easier for gingivitis to develop.</li>
	<li><strong>Diabetes.</strong> People with diabetes are at higher risk for developing infections, including periodontal disease.</li>
	<li>Stress. Research shows that stress can make it more difficult for our bodies to fight infection, including periodontal disease.</li>
	<li><strong>Medications.</strong> Some drugs, such as antidepressants and some heart medicines, can affect oral health because they lessen the flow of saliva. (Saliva has a protective effect on teeth and gums.)</li>
	<li><strong>Illnesses.</strong> Diseases like cancer or AIDS and their treatments can also affect the health of gums.</li>
	<li><strong>Genetic susceptibility.</strong> Some people are more prone to severe periodontal disease than others.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Risk Factors</h2>

<p>People usually don&#39;t show signs of gum disease until they are in their 30s or 40s. Men are more likely to have periodontal disease than women. Although teenagers rarely develop periodontitis, they can develop gingivitis, the milder form of gum disease. Most commonly, gum disease develops when plaque is allowed to build up along and under the gum line.</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-7">
<h2>What can I do to prevent gum disease?<a id="pagelink6" class="pglnk" name="pagelink6"></a></h2>

<ul>
	<li>Here are some things you can do to prevent periodontal diseases:</li>
</ul>

<ul>
	<li>Brush your teeth twice a day (with a fluoride toothpaste)</li>
	<li>Floss every day</li>
	<li>Visit the dentist routinely for a check-up and professional cleaning</li>
	<li>Eat a well balanced diet</li>
	<li>Don&#39;t use tobacco products</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<div class="panel panel-primary"> 
<div class="panel-heading"> 
<h3 class="panel-title">Do you know that studies have linked Gum Disease to heart Problems and Birth Defects?</h3> </div>
<div class="panel-body"> 
>> Women and Gum Disease
<br>>> Pregnancy and Gum Disease
<br>>> Gum Desease and Diabetes
<br>>> Gum Desaese and Heart Disease
</div> </div>
</div>
</div>

<h2>How do I know if I have periodontal disease?<a id="pagelink8" class="pglnk" name="pagelink8"></a></h2>

<ul>
	<li>Gums that bleed when you brush your teeth</li>
	<li>Red, swollen or tender gums</li>
	<li>Gums that have pulled away from the teeth</li>
	<li>Bad breath that doesn&#39;t go away</li>
	<li>Pus between your teeth and gums</li>
	<li>Loose teeth</li>
	<li>A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite</li>
	<li>A change in the fit of partial dentures</li>
	<li>Sensitive teeth</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Any of these symptoms may signal a serious problem, which should be checked by a dentist. At your dental visit:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>The dentist will ask about your medical history to identify underlying conditions or risk factors (such as smoking) that may contribute to periodontal disease.</li>
	<li>The dentist or hygienist will examine your gums and note any signs of inflammation.</li>
	<li>The dentist or hygienist will use a tiny ruler called a &#39;probe&#39; to check for periodontal pockets and to measure any pockets. In a healthy mouth, the depth of these pockets is usually between 1 and 3 millimeters.</li>
	<li>The dentist or hygienist may take an x-ray to see whether there is any bone loss.</li>
	<li>The dentist may refer you to a periodontist, a specialist who treats gum diseases.</li>
</ul>

<h2>How is periodontal disease treated?<a id="pagelink9" class="pglnk" name="pagelink9"></a></h2>

<p>The main goal of treatment is to control the infection. The number and types of treatment will vary, depending on the extent of the gum disease. Any type of treatment requires that the patient keep up good daily care at home. Additionally, modifying certain behaviors, such as quitting tobacco use, might also be suggested as a way to improve treatment outcome. Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planning)</p>

<p>The dentist, periodontist, or dental hygienist removes the plaque through a deep-cleaning method called scaling and root planning. Scaling means scraping off the tartar from above and below the gum line. Root planing gets rid of rough spots on the tooth root where the germs gather, and helps remove bacteria that contribute to the disease.</p>

<h2>Medications<a id="pagelink10" class="pglnk" name="pagelink10"></a></h2>

<p>Medications may be used with treatment that includes scaling and root planing, but they cannot always take the place of surgery. Depending on the severity of gum disease, the dentist or periodontist may still suggest surgical treatment. Long-term studies will be needed to determine whether using medications reduces the need for surgery and whether they are effective over a long period of time. Here are some medications that are currently used:</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<th>Medications</th>
			<th>What is it?</th>
			<th>Why is it used?</th>
			<th>How is it used?</th>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<th>Prescription antimicrobial mouthrinse</th>
			<td>A prescription mouthrinse containing an antimicrobial called chlorhexidine</td>
			<td>To control bacteria when treating gingivitis and after gum surgery</td>
			<td>It&#39;s used like a regular mouthwash</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<th>Antiseptic &quot;chip&quot;</th>
			<td>A tiny piece of gelatin filled with the medicine chlorhexidine</td>
			<td>To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets</td>
			<td>After root planing, it&#39;s placed in the pockets where the medicine is slowly released over time.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<th>Antibiotic gel</th>
			<td>A gel that contains the antibiotic doxycycline</td>
			<td>To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets</td>
			<td>The periodontist puts it in the pockets after scaling and root planing. The antibiotic is released slowly over a period of about seven days.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<th>Antibiotic micro-spheres</th>
			<td>Tiny, round particles that contain the antibiotic minocycline</td>
			<td>To control bacteria and reduce the size of periodontal pockets</td>
			<td>The periodontist puts the micro-spheres into the pockets after scaling and root planing.&nbsp; The particles release minocycline slowly over time.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<th>Enzyme suppressant</th>
			<td>A low dose of the medication doxycycline that keeps destructive enzymes in check</td>
			<td>To hold back the body&#39;s enzyme response&nbsp; --&nbsp; If not controlled, certain enzymes can break down gum tissue</td>
			<td>This medication is in pill form.&nbsp; It is used in combination with scaling and root planin</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<h2>Surgery<a id="pagelink" class="pglnk" name="pagelink11"></a></h2>

<p><strong>Flap Surgery</strong> - Surgery might be necessary if inflammation and deep pockets remain following treatment with deep cleaning and medications. A periodontist may perform flap surgery to remove tartar deposits in deep pockets or to reduce the periodontal pocket and make it easier for the patient, dentist, and hygienist to keep the area clean. This common surgery involves lifting back the gums and removing the tartar. The gums are then sutured back in place so that the tissue fits snugly around the tooth again.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Bone Grafts</strong> - used to replace bone destroyed by periodontitis. Tiny fragments of your own bone, synthetic bone, or donated bone are placed where bone was lost. These grafts serve as a platform for the regrowth of bone, which restores stability to teeth.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Soft tissue grafts </strong>- reinforce thin gums or fill in places where gums have receded. Grafted tissue, most often taken from the roof of the mouth, is stitched in place over the affected area.</p>

<p>Guided tissue regeneration - stimulates bone and gum tissue growth. Done in combination with flap surgery, a small piece of mesh- like fabric is inserted between the bone and gum tissue. This keeps the gum tissue from growing into the area where the bone should be, allowing the bone and connective tissue to regrow to better support the teeth.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Bone (osseous) surgery)</strong> - smoothes shallow craters in the bone due to moderate and advanced bone loss. Following flap surgery, the bone around the tooth is reshaped to decrease the craters. This makes it harder for bacteria to collect and grow.</p>

<h2>Can periodontal disease cause health problems beyond the mouth?<a id="pagelink7" class="pglnk" name="pagelink12"></a></h2>

<p><em>Maybe. But so far the research is inconclusive. Studies are ongoing to try to determine whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between periodontal disease and:</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>an increased risk of heart attack or stroke,</li>
	<li>an increased risk of delivering preterm, low birth weight babies,</li>
	<li>difficulty controlling blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.</li>
</ul>

<p>In the meantime, it&#39;s a fact that controlling periodontal disease can save your teeth -- a very good reason to take care of your teeth and gums.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'h0c0y',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<div class="toggle">
<label>What are periodontal diseases?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The word periodontal literally means "around the tooth." Periodontal diseases are serious bacterial infections that destroy the attachment fibers and supporting bone that hold your teeth in your mouth. Left untreated, these diseases can lead to tooth loss.  </p>
</div>
</div>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is my risk of having or developing periodontal disease?

</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Millions of people have periodontal disease and donâ€™t know it. The American Academy of Periodontology's patient self-assessment tool will help you become familiar with the main risk factors and assess your own risk for periodontal disease.<a target="_blank" href="http://perio.org/consumer/4a.html">Take the risk assessment test.</a></p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>Who is a periodontist?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease and in the placement of dental implants. Periodontists receive extensive training in these areas, including three additional years of education beyond dental school. Periodontists are familiar with the latest techniques for diagnosing and treating periodontal disease. In addition, they can perform cosmetic periodontal procedures to help you achieve the smile you desire. Often, dentists refer their patients to a periodontist when their periodontal disease is advanced. However, you don't need a referral to see a periodontist. In fact, there are occasions when you may choose to go directly to a periodontist or to refer a family member or friend to your own periodontist. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is there a relationship between tobacco use and periodontal disease?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Studies have shown that tobacco use may be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Smokers are much more likely than non-smokers to have calculus form on their teeth, have deeper pockets between the teeth and gums and lose more of the bone and tissue that support the teeth. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is it normal for my gums to bleed when I brush my teeth?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Bleeding gums are one of the signs of gum disease. Think of gum tissue as the skin on your hand. If your hands bled every time you washed them, you would know something was wrong. There are a number of other warning signs of gum disease.  </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are pockets?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Your bone and gum tissue should fit snugly around your teeth like a turtleneck around your neck. When you have periodontal disease, this supporting tissue and bone is destroyed, forming "pockets" around the teeth. Over time, these pockets become deeper, providing a larger space in which bacteria can live. As bacteria develop around the teeth, they can accumulate and advance under the gum tissue. These deep pockets collect even more bacteria, resulting in further bone and tissue loss. Eventually, if too much bone is lost, the teeth will need to be extracted.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Could my periodontal disease be genetic?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Research proves that up to 30% of the population may be genetically susceptible to gum disease. Despite aggressive oral care habits, these people may be six times more likely to develop periodontal disease. Identifying these people with a genetic test before they even show signs of the disease and getting them into early interventive treatment may help them keep their teeth for a lifetime.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I pass my periodontal disease to others?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Periodontal disease may be passed from parents to children and between couples, according to an article in the September 1997 issue of the Journal of the American Dental Association. Researchers suggest that bacteria causing periodontal disease are passed though saliva. This means that when a family or couple come into contact with each other's saliva, they're at risk for contracting the periodontal disease of another family member. Based on this research, the American Academy of Periodontology recognizes that treatment of gum disease may involve entire families. If one family member has periodontal disease, the AAP recommends that all family members see a dental professional for a periodontal disease screening. </p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h2>Prevention</h2>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I do to avoid periodontal disease?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>To keep your teeth for a lifetime, you must remove the plaque from your teeth and gums every day with proper brushing and flossing. Regular dental visits are also important. Daily cleaning will help keep calculus formation to a minimum, but it won't completely prevent it. A professional cleaning at least twice a year is necessary to remove calculus from places your toothbrush and floss may have missed.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>I'm over 55. Does this mean I'm more likely to get periodontal disease?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Your chances of developing periodontal disease increase considerably as you get older. More than half of people aged 55 and older have periodontitis. The good news is that research suggests that these higher rates may be related to risk factors other than age. So, periodontal disease is not an inevitable part of aging. Risk factors that may make older people more susceptible include general health status, diminished immune status, medications, depression, worsening memory, diminished salivary flow, functional impairments and change in financial status.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>When should I see a periodontist?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>If you value your oral as well as overall health, anytime is a good time to see a periodontist for a periodontal evaluation. Sometimes the only way to detect periodontal disease is through a periodontal evaluation. A periodontal evaluation may be especially important in the following situations:
If you notice any symptoms of periodontal disease, including:
            <br>- gums that bleed easily, such as during brushing or flossing
            <br>-red, swollen or tender gums
            <br>-gums that have pulled away from the teeth
            <br>-persistent bad breath
            <br>-pus between the teeth and gums
            <br>-loose or separating teeth
            <br>-a change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
            <br>-a sore or irritation in your mouth that does not get better within two weeks</p>
			
			<p>If you are thinking of becoming pregnant. Pregnant women who have periodontal disease may be seven times more likely to have a baby born too early and too small. In addition, about half of women experience "pregnancy gingivitis." However, women who have good oral hygiene and have no gingivitis before pregnancy are very unlikely to experience this condition.</p>
			
			<p>If you have a family member with periodontal disease. Research suggests that the bacteria that cause periodontal disease can pass through saliva. This means the common contact of saliva in families puts children and couples at risk for contracting the periodontal disease of another family member.</p>
			<p>If you have heart disease, diabetes, respiratory disease or osteoporosis. Ongoing research is showing that periodontal disease may be linked to these conditions. The bacteria associated with periodontal disease can travel into the blood stream and pose a threat to other parts of the body. Healthy gums may lead to a healthier body.
If you feel that your teeth are too short or that your smile is too "gummy." Or, if you are missing one or more of your teeth and are interested in a long-lasting replacement option.</p>
			<p>If you are not satisfied with your current tooth replacement option, such as a bridge or dentures, and may be interested in dental implants.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I expect the first time I visit a periodontist?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>During your first visit, your periodontist will review your complete medical and dental history with you. It's extremely important for your periodontist to know if you are taking any medications or being treated for any condition that can affect your periodontal care. You will be given a complete oral and periodontal exam. Your periodontist will examine your gums, check to see if there is any gum line recession, assess how your teeth fit together when you bite and check your teeth to see if any are loose. Your periodontist will also take a small measuring instrument and place it between your teeth and gums to determine the depth of those spaces, known as periodontal pockets. This helps your periodontist assess the health of your gums. Radiographs (x-rays) may be used to show the bone levels between your teeth to check for possible bone loss. </p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I expect the first time I visit a periodontist?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>During your first visit, your periodontist will review your complete medical and dental history with you. It's extremely important for your periodontist to know if you are taking any medications or being treated for any condition that can affect your periodontal care. You will be given a complete oral and periodontal exam. Your periodontist will examine your gums, check to see if there is any gum line recession, assess how your teeth fit together when you bite and check your teeth to see if any are loose. Your periodontist will also take a small measuring instrument and place it between your teeth and gums to determine the depth of those spaces, known as periodontal pockets. This helps your periodontist assess the health of your gums. Radiographs (x-rays) may be used to show the bone levels between your teeth to check for possible bone loss. </p>
</div>
</section>

<hr>
<h3>Oral Care Products</h3>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What kinds of oral care products should I use?

</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Here are some guidelines for choosing dental care products â€“ what works for most patients most of the time. To find out what is best for your particular needs, talk to your periodontist.
Begin with the right equipment â€“ a soft bristled toothbrush that allows you to reach every surface of each tooth. If the bristles on your toothbrush are bent or frayed, buy a new one. A worn-out brush will not clean your teeth properly.
In addition to manual toothbrushes, your choices include automatic toothbrushes and "high tech" electronic toothbrushes. These are safe and effective for the majority of patients.</p>
<p>Oral irrigators (water spraying devices) will not remove plaque from your teeth unless used in conjunction with brushing and flossing.</p>
<p>Another aid is the rubber tip, often found on the handle end of a toothbrush used to massage the gums after brushing and flossing.</p>
<p>Other options include interproximal toothbrushes (tiny brushes that clean plaque between teeth) and interdental cleaners (small sticks or picks that remove plaque between teeth). If used improperly, these dental aids can injure the gums, so it is important to discuss proper use with your periodontist. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How should I choose oral care products?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Choose products that carry the Indian / American Dental Association Seal of Acceptance â€“ an important symbol of a dental product's safety and effectiveness.</p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h2>Periodontal Procedures</h2>
<br>
<h3>Dental Implants</h3>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the advantages of dental implants?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Dental implants look and feel like your own teeth. They can help prevent the bone loss and gum recession that often accompany bridgework or dentures. In addition, they don't sacrifice the quality of your adjacent teeth like a bridge because neighboring teeth are not altered to support the implant. Implants are secure and offer freedom from the clicks and wobbles of dentures. The success rate of implants is highly predictable.</p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I care for my dental implants?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Dental implants are like your own teeth and will require the same care. In order to keep your implant clean and plaque-free, brushing and flossing still apply. </p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h3>Surgery</h3>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How can I avoid surgery for my periodontal disease?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Depending on how far your periodontal disease has progressed, treatment can vary widely. If the disease is caught early, simple procedures can be done that will remove the plaque and calculus from below the gum line and eliminate the infection-causing bacteria. If the disease has advanced to the point where the periodontal pockets are deep and the supporting bone is lost, surgery might be necessary. You may have heard about new products on the market that claim to cure periodontal disease. However, they do not replace traditional periodontal therapy. Rather, the intent of these products is to improve the effectiveness of traditional therapies. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will periodontal surgery hurt?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>New treatment options using refined techniques can be performed comfortably as office procedures. Improvements in medications, local anesthesia, anxiety and pain control, and, in some cases, conscious sedation are available to make your treatment more pleasant and comfortable. </p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h3>Maintenance Therapy</h3>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is maintenance therapy?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Maintenance or supportive periodontal therapy is an ongoing program designed to prevent periodontal disease from recurring in patients who have undergone periodontal treatment. This ongoing phase of treatment will allow your periodontist to assess your periodontal health and make sure infection stays under control. During maintenance therapy, your mouth is examined, new calculus and plaque are removed, and, if necessary your teeth are polished and your bite is checked.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How often do I need maintenance therapy?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The answer varies from person to person. Your dentist or periodontist will recommend a schedule that best that is tailored to protect your periodontal health. The intervals between visits may range from every few weeks to four times per year, in addition to checkups by your general dentist. </p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h3>Non-Surgical Treatments</h3>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are root scaling and planing?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>These are non-surgical procedures in which the periodontist removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line. Tooth root surfaces are cleaned and smoothed with specially designed instruments. It is important to remove the plaque and tartar from the pockets, because aside from the bacterial toxins that irritate the gums, plaque and the rough surfaces of tartar make it easier for bacteria to get a foothold.</p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h3>Use of Lasers in Periodontal Therapy</h3>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Are there potential benefits to using lasers in periodontal therapy?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Limited research suggests that the use of lasers as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) may improve the effectiveness of this procedure. SRP is a non-surgical therapy used to treat periodontal diseases. In addition, when the lasers are used properly during periodontal therapy there can be less bleeding, swelling and discomfort to the patient during surgery.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can the use of lasers in periodontal therapy harm patients?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Yes and no. Each laser has different wavelengths and power levels that can be used safely during different periodontal procedures. However, damage to periodontal tissues can result if an inappropriate wavelength and/or power level is used during a periodontal procedure.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Does the research on lasers support their use in periodontics at this time?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>At this time, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that any specific laser wavelength is superior to the traditional treatment methods of the common periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis. </p>
</div>
</section>
<hr>
<h3>Cosmetic Periodontal Procedures</h3>
<section class="toggle">
<label>What can be done to improve the look of my "gummy" smile?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Crown lengthening is a procedure to remove excess gum tissue to expose more of the "crown" of the tooth. Your gumline can be sculpted to give your new smile just the right look.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can be done to correct my "long" teeth or receding gums?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Soft tissue grafts and other root coverage procedures are designed to conceal exposed roots, reduce further gum recession, and protect your vulnerable roots from decay. During this procedure, your periodontist takes gum tissue from your palate or another donor source to cover the exposed root. This can be done for one tooth or several teeth to even your gum line and reduce sensitivity. </p>
</div>
</section>

<hr>
<h2>Periodontal Disease and General Health</h2>
<h3>Links to Other Diseases</h3>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is the relationship between periodontal disease and respiratory disease?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>More research is needed to confirm how periodontal disease may put people at increased risk for respiratory disease. What we do know is that mouth infections like periodontal disease are associated with increased risk of respiratory infection. An analysis of research has revealed that periodontal (gum) disease may be a far more serious threat to your health than previously realized. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How does periodontal disease increase my risk for heart disease?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Several theories exist to explain the link between periodontal disease and heart disease. One theory is that oral bacteria can affect the heart when they enter the bloodstream, attaching to fatty plaques in the coronary arteries (heart blood vessels) and contributing to clot formation. Coronary artery disease is characterized by a thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of fatty proteins. Blood clots can obstruct normal blood flow, restricting the amount of nutrients and oxygen required for the heart to function properly. This may lead to heart attacks. Researchers have found that people with periodontal disease are almost twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery disease as those without periodontal disease. </p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>Can periodontal disease increase my risk for having a premature baby?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Pregnant women who have periodontal disease may be seven times more likely to have a baby that is born too early and too small. More research is needed to confirm how periodontal disease may affect pregnancy outcomes. What we do know is that periodontal disease is an infection and all infections are cause for concern during pregnancy because they pose a risk to the health of the baby. If you are thinking about becoming pregnant, be sure to include an evaluation with a periodontist as part of your prenatal care. </p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>What is the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>For years we've known that people with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease than people without diabetes. Recently, research has emerged suggesting that the relationship goes both ways â€“ periodontal disease may make it more difficult for people who have diabetes to control their blood sugar. Though more research is needed, what we do know is that severe periodontal disease can increase blood sugar, putting diabetics at increased risk for complications.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I do to reduce the health risks associated with periodontal disease?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Sometimes the only way to detect periodontal disease is through a periodontal evaluation. If you value your oral health as well as your overall health, a periodontal evaluation is a good ideaâ€”especially if you notice any symptoms of periodontal disease; have heart disease, diabetes, respiratory disease or osteoporosis; are thinking of becoming pregnant; have a family member with periodontal disease; or have a sore or irritation in your mouth that does not get better within two weeks. </p>
</div>
</section>


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			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/22">Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/23">CAD / CAM Technology</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/24">Diastema (Gap Between Teeth) Closure</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/25">Smile Designing</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/26">Dental Jewellery</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/treatment/43">Tooth Whitening</a></li>
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			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Placing_Dental_Veneers">Placing Dental Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="#What_Will_My_Porcelain_Veneers_Look_Like">What Will My Porcelain Veneers Look Like?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Candidates_For_Porcelain_Veneers">Candidates For Porcelain Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Technique">Technique</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Caring_For_Your__Porcelain_Veneer">Caring For Your Porcelain Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Alternatives_to_Dental_Veneers">Alternatives To Dental Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Benefits_of_Porcelain_Veneers">Benefits Of&nbsp; Porcelain Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Risks_Of_Porcelain_Veneers_">Risks Of&nbsp; Porcelain Veneers</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/22">F.A.Q.</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/before_after_viwe/74">Before And After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2>Introduction<a name="introduction"></a></h2>

<p>Porcelain dental veneers are a beautiful way to correct stained, chipped or crooked teeth. By placing glass-like ceramic porcelain on the surface of teeth, we can provide patients with bright, straight, and natural looking smiles.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/5c3e8e4.jpg" style="height:196px; width:300px" /></p>

<h2>Placing Dental Veneers<a name="Placing_Dental_Veneers"></a></h2>

<p>Placement of porcelain veneers is one that requires the skill, precision, and artistry of a talented cosmetic dentist. Having your smile made over with veneers usually takes about three office visits.</p>

<p>In the first visit, we will first plan your new smile by determining what size, shape, and type of veneers will best complement your smile, face shape, and aesthetic desires. Next, we will carefully prepare the teeth by removing a small amount of enamel to accommodate the veneer. We will then place temporary veneers to protect the teeth while the permanent version is crafted in a dental laboratory.</p>

<p>When he permanent veneers are ready, you will return for your third visit to have your permanent veneers placed. This is the final step in your smile transformation, and you can leave office with a brand new, beautiful smile.</p>

<h2>What Will My Porcelain Veneers Look Like<a name="What_Will_My_Porcelain_Veneers_Look_Like"></a></h2>

<p>The glass-like ceramic that forms porcelain veneers closely resembles natural tooth enamel This is because, much like real tooth enamel, porcelain veneers are translucent. When light strikes a natural tooth&#39;s surface, it is not immediately reflected off. Instead, it penetrates the tooth enamel and reflects off the opaque tooth dentin that lies just beneath. This translucent effect is what gives teeth their luster. By replicating this, porcelain dental veneers provide patients with bright, natural looking smiles.</p>

<p>Porcelain dental veneers can also cover and repair cracked and chipped teeth. Because porcelain veneers are custom made and fitted to your teeth by a skilled cosmetic dentist, you can customize and improve much more than just the color of your teeth. Crooked and chipped teeth can have their appearances improved to give you a beautiful new smile. any broken teeth can be repaired using dental crowns, or caps, that can be color matched to your dental veneers.</p>

<h2>Candidates For Porcelain Veneers<a name="Candidates_For_Porcelain_Veneers"></a></h2>

<p>While Porcelain Veneers are one of the most effective cosmetic dentistry treatments, they are not for everyone. Since the placement process is irreversible and involves removal of tooth structure, patients should make sure they find an experienced cosmetic dentist to help determine their candidacy for Veneers. Ideal candidates for porcelain veneers have:</p>

<h3>Good Dental Health</h3>

<p>Patients with certain dental health issues are not candidates for porcelain veneers. This includes individuals who have extensive tooth decay, gingivitis or gum disease, severe misalignment, or major cracks in their teeth, as well as those who suffer from chronic teeth grinding.</p>

<h3>Realistic Expectations</h3>

<p>Ideal porcelain veneers candidates have realistic expectations of what can be achieved with porcelain veneers. They should be fully informed about what to expect in the placement process of porcelain veneers, including the risks, benefits, and cost of porcelain veneers. Patients should also have realistic aesthetic goals, since, although porcelain veneers can cover chips stains, minor misalignment, misshaped teeth, and/or gaps between the teeth, more complex problem may require an alternative treatment.</p>

<h3>The Adjustment Process</h3>

<p>Patients should also be aware of the adjustment involved in adapting to a smile makeover. The adjustment is both physical (becoming comfortable eating and speaking) and psychological (adjusting to the dramatic difference a smile makeover can have on a patient&#39;s self - perception).</p>

<h3>An Awareness Of Other Cosmetic Options</h3>

<p>An ideal porcelain veneers candidate is aware of the alternatives to porcelain veneers and has fully considered the risks and benefits of all the options. Braces, Invisalign, and dental bonding can correct flaws, while teeth whitening and other aesthetic treatments can dramatically enhance a smile.</p>

<h2>Technique<a name="Technique"></a></h2>

<h3>Step 1 : Planning Your New Smile</h3>

<p>Planning your new smile is the first, yet one of the most crucial, steps in a smile makeover with dental veneers. It requires the artistic eye and technical skill of a cosmetic dentist experienced in placing porcelain veneers. Therefore, your first step toward cosmetic enhancement with porcelain dental veneers is to meet us and discuss your goals for treatment. At this time, we will provide you with a full consultation about the porcelain veneers procedure and determine what you can expect from treatment. You can expect the following during your first appointment.</p>

<h4>Initial Consultation</h4>

<p>In the initial consultation with us, we will gather information about your cosmetic goals, dental health, and medial history. This will help you to determine if you are a candidate for porcelain veneers.</p>

<h4>Cosmetic Dental Imaging</h4>

<p>To help you in your decision process, we may provide cosmetic digital imaging, which allows a patient to preview what their smile makeover may look before committing to treatment.</p>

<h4>Porcelain Veneers Options</h4>

<p>Once you and we determine that veneers are the best choice for your smile makeover, there are several types of porcelain veneers to choose from, and we will help you choose the one that is right for you.</p>

<h4>Alternatives to Porcelain Veneers</h4>

<p>We will discuss with you in your first visit, alternatives to porcelain veneers like bonding, orthodontics etc.</p>

<h3>Step 2 : Preparing The Teeth</h3>

<p>After planning your new smile, you will return for your second office visit to have your teeth prepared for porcelain veneers. This step is necessary since veneers adhere to the front of teeth, and a portion of the tooth structure must be removed to make room for the veneers. Preparing the teeth involves the following steps:</p>

<h4>Reducing the Teeth</h4>

<p>By lightly buffing the front surface of your teeth, we will remove an approximately one-half-millimeter layer of enamel from the front of your teeth. The wafer-thin porcelain veneers will eventually be set in place of this enamel. This step is virtually painless.</p>

<h4>Creating a Mold of Teeth</h4>

<p>After the teeth are reduced, we will take a mold of your teeth. This mold provides an exact impression of your bite, mouth size and teeth shape. The mold is then sent to a dental laboratory, where lab technicians will custom craft your porcelain veneers to match your teeth and complement your smile.</p>

<h4>Placing Temporary Veneers</h4>

<p>After the mold is made, we will place temporary veneers to cover and protect the teeth while your permanent veneers are crafted. When your permanent veneers are ready (usually in about a week), you will return for your third and final visit to have your porcelain veneers placed.</p>

<h3>Step 3: Placement of Veneers</h3>

<p>The third step in the porcelain veneers placement process is often the most exciting, since it completes the smile makeover. At this time, we will be able to perfect the color of your dental veneers, assure that your bite is aligned, and provide aftercare and additional smile makeover information.</p>

<h4>Placing the Porcelain Veneers</h4>

<p>To place the veneers, we will begin by administering a local anesthetic. When the mouth is completely nub, we will gently remove the temporary veneers. Next, we will carefully place the permanent veneers and bond them to the teeth with dental cement. we will then match the veneers&#39; color to achieve a beautiful luster and natural-looking appearance. After the fit and color of your dental veneers are adjusted to your liking, the adhesive is hardened using a special light. You will then have a bright, long-lasting smile with new porcelain veneers.</p>

<h4>Teeth Whitening</h4>

<p>While porcelain veneers are often all that is needed for a smile makeover, some patients who have porcelain veneers placed on several, but not all, of their teeth often polish their look with professional teeth whitening treatments. Talk to us about at home and in office teeth whitening options and find out whether you are a candidate for teeth whitening.</p>

<h4>Aftercare</h4>

<p>Porcelain veneers can last for many years with proper aftercare. Maintaining good oral hygiene while preventing tooth grinding and other habits can prolong the life of your veneers and prevent periodontal disease and other problems. Before leaving the dentist&#39;s office, be sure to talk to your dentist about how to protect your new smile.</p>

<h2>Caring For Your Porcelain Veneers<a name="Caring_For_Your__Porcelain_Veneer"></a></h2>

<p>Porcelain veneers can be used to either subtly enhance or dramatically transform the appearance of your smile. And fortunately, porcelain veneers can last for many years when they are cared for properly. The following habits will prolong the use of your veneers and keep your smile healthy for as long as possible.</p>

<h3>Proper Dental Hygiene</h3>

<p>You will need to keep your teeth clean and healthy once your veneers are placed. Daily brushing and flossing will protect the natural tooth structure supporting the veneers and prevent tooth decay and gum disease.</p>

<h3>Avoid Teeth - Staining Substances</h3>

<p>Although most porcelain veneers are stain- resistant, in some cases, certain substances (such as red wine, coffee, tobacco, and certain medications) can cause discoloration. Moreover, if you have veneers placed on some (but not all ) of your teeth, the natural teeth can become stained, necessitating teeth whitening to renew their luster.</p>

<h3>Choose an Experienced Porcelain Veneers Dentist</h3>

<p>It is important to choose a cosmetic dentist who has experience with porcelain veneers. Experienced porcelain veneers specialists are more able than general dentists to maintain veneers. In regular visits with your cosmetic dentist (up to four times per year), he or she will help keep the veneers polished and detect problems in their earliest stages.</p>

<h3>Other Tips for Protecting Porcelain Veneers</h3>

<p>To keep the veneers from chipping or wearing down, avoid habits such as chewing on ice, fingernail biting, and teeth grinding. Also avoid activities (such as contact sports) in which your veneers could be damaged, or wear a protective mouth guard if you do participate. Since cavities can develop under the veneers, it is also important to schedule regular dental checkups to detect tooth decay early on.</p>

<h2>Alternatives to Dental Veneers<a name="Alternatives_to_Dental_Veneers"></a></h2>

<p>While porcelain veneers can be used to make over a person&#39;s smile with excellent results, they are not the best treatment option for everyone. Depending on your dental health, treatment goals and financial objectives, you may benefit more from another treatment, such as braces, Invisalign or dental bonding.</p>

<h3>Braces</h3>

<p>Since healthy, aligned teeth are the foundation of a beautiful smile, braces may be the best solution if a patient has severe crowding, a cross- bite, or an over- bite. This is because teeth that do not fit together correctly can cause tooth decay, bone loss, bite problems, and other issues if left untreated. Unlike veneers, which conceal crooked teeth, braces straighten the teeth and prevent problems caused by misalignment.</p>

<h3>Invisalign</h3>

<p>For patients with minor misalignment, Invisalign can be an excellent option for obtaining a balanced, healthy smile. The Invisalign system provides the benefits of braces - correcting misalignment instead of camouflaging it like veneers - without conspicuous metal or ceramic brackets. Instead, the Invisalign system uses a series of clear plastic trays that gradually reposition the teeth. The trays are comfortable, removable, and virtually invisible, making them popular among adult orthodontic patients.</p>

<h3>Dental Bonding</h3>

<p>For minor chips, cracks and discoloration, dental bonding may be all that is needed to enhance your smile. Unlike placing porcelain veneers, dental bonding does not require removal of the natural tooth structure (although it may require light etching of the enamel). Instead, the bonding material is applied directly to the surface of the tooth and cured with a special light. Dental bonding is also a relatively inexpensive alternative to veneers.</p>

<h2>Benefits of Porcelain Veneers<a name="Benefits_of_Porcelain_Veneers"></a></h2>

<p>Porcelain veneers can be dream come true for people seeking a solution for aesthetic flaws, since, in just a few office visits, veneers provide a total smile makeover. While there are risks involved with porcelain veneers, the advantages they provide make them one of the most popular cosmetic dentistry treatments. Among their many benefits, dental veneers are:</p>

<h3>The Ultimate Smile Makeover Treatment</h3>

<p>Having a dazzling, balanced smile is possible, thanks to porcelain veneers. Since veneers fit over the front of teeth, they transform the smile by completely concealing imperfections.</p>

<h3>The Solution for Numerous Aesthetic Flaws</h3>

<p>Porcelain veneers camouflage numerous cosmetic problems, making them an option for a wide range of patients. Chips, cracks, discoloration and misalignment are among the flaws veneers can cover.</p>

<h3>An Alternative to Orthodontic Treatment</h3>

<p>Many people are dissatisfied with their smile&#39;s alignment, but they avoid seeking treatment because they don&#39;t want traditional braces. Porcelain dental veneers can even be specially fitted to reshape crooked teeth that may otherwise require orthodontics.</p>

<h3>Compatible With Other Dental Treatments</h3>

<p>Although porcelain veneers are often all that is needed for a smile makeover, they are also compatible with other dental treatments. For example, they can be placed in combination with teeth whitening, a full mouth reconstruction, TMJ treatment , or neuromuscular dentistry to completely repair and enhance a patient&#39;s smile.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Risks Of Porcelain Veneers<a name="Risks_Of_Porcelain_Veneers_"></a></h2>

<p>Porcelain veneers have numerous benefits that make them an excellent cosmetic dentistry option. However, like any other dental treatment, they there are risks that patients should be aware of before choosing veneers. Talk to your dentist to find out whether you are a candidate for porcelain veneers and, if in your particular case, the risks outweigh the benefits. If they do, your dentist can help you choose an alternative to veneers that will safely enhance your smile.</p>

<h3>Porcelain Veneers Placement Is Irreversible</h3>

<p>Patients considering veneers should understand that veneers are not removable, once the teeth are prepared for porcelain veneers, the process is irreversible. Before committing to veneers , patients should consult with an experienced dentist offering porcelain veneers to explore all their options.</p>

<h3>Porcelain Veneers May Need To Be Replaced</h3>

<p>Although the placement of veneers is an irreversible process, veneers may eventually need to be replaced. Veneers may become worn down over time, or they may become damaged or break off in an accident. Patients should be aware of this possibility and of the future cost it may incur.</p>

<h3>Porcelain Veneers Placement May Cause Tooth Trauma Or Sensitivity</h3>

<p>While every effort is made to remove as little of the tooth structure as possible in the placement of porcelain veneers, reducing the tooth structure increases risk of trauma to the tooth. Some patients experience minor tooth sensitivity for a week or so after the veneers are placed.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'ylads',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>

<section class="toggle">
<label>IF MY TEETH ARE RESHAPED FOR VENEERS OR CROWNS, WHAT WILL THEY LOOK LIKE? WILL THEY BE SENSITIVE?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Generally, cemented restorations, such asÂ crownsÂ orÂ veneersÂ (see the procedure section), will require two visits: one to shape the teeth and one to cement the restorations to the teeth. Between visits, your dentist can place attractive provisional restorations to help prevent sensitivity, allow limited function, and provide a nice smile. These temporaries are designed to be in your mouth for a limited time, but should be comfortable and natural looking until your new smile is completed.
</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>IF I HAVE VENEERS WILL I GET CAVITIES?
</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>There is no higher or lower incidence of tooth decay with veneersÂ as long as they receive proper care.
</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>HOW LONG DO PORCELAIN VENEERS LAST?
</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The expected lifetime of aÂ porcelain veneerÂ is somewhere between seven and 20 years. Veneers sometimes come off or chip. If this happens, they can be repaired or replaced. Also, over time, the living tooth and gum tissue around the veneers will undergo changes that may require alterations to your veneers.
</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>HOW DO I GET VENEERS TO MATCH MY OTHER TEETH?
</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>This concern will be addressed by your dental professional. Most people get their veneers in a whiter shade than their natural teeth and then undergoÂ tooth whiteningÂ to create a matching aesthetic.
</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>DOES DENTAL INSURANCE COVER PORCELAIN VENEERS?

</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>It depends on your dental insurance. Some insurance companies will cover up to 50% of a fee they see as reasonable, but donâ€™t expect payment without first discussing the procedure with your dentist and insurance provider.
</p>
</div></section>



</div>
',
			'before_id' => '74'
		)
	),
	(int) 4 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '23',
			'pre_cat' => '21',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'CAD / CAM Technology',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_30_am_CAD-CAM-Technology.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Advantages">Advantages of CAD / CAM Technology</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/23">F.A.Q.</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/21">Before and After Photographs</a></li>
	</ul>
	</div>
<h2>Introduction</h2>

<p>It seems like each and every week technology changes the way we do things, and dentistry is no different. CAD / CAM technology and digital impressions allow for greater accuracy and communication, along with new opportunities for dentists, labs and most importantly, the patients.</p>

<p>CAD / CAM is an acronym that means computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing. CAD / CAM technology has been used in the manufacturing industry for many years. Today, CAD / CAM technology is used in dentistry to help dentists and dental lab technicians fabricate precise shapes and sizes for dental restorations, including inlays, onlays, crowns, and bridges. Dentists use CAD / CAM technology to provide their patients with durable, well-fitted single and multiple tooth restorations in a more efficient manner than traditional lab-fabricated restorations.</p>

<p>Another advantage of CAD / CAM technology is that it can allow a typical two-visit tooth restoration to be accomplished in one visit, provided that the dentist has the technology in the office (chairside CAD / CAM).</p>


<p>Dentists and dental lab technicians use CAD / CAM technology to design the anatomical features, size and shape of a tooth restoration on a computer. The CAD / CAM computer screen displays a 3-D custom image of your teeth and gums, allowing your dentist to use a cursor to draw the precise design of the tooth restoration. The CAD / CAM machine fabricates the restoration through a milling chamber that crafts the tooth-like ceramic material into a precise replica of the drawing.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/6521dd7.jpg" style="height:283px; width:200px" /></p>

<h2>Advantages of CAD / CAM Technology</h2><a class="pglnk" name="="Advantages"></a>

<p>One of the advantages of CAD / CAM technology is that, provided the CAD / CAM equipment is located in the dental office, your dentist does not need to create a molded impression of your teeth. Secondly, there may be no need for a temporary restoration or a return visit to the office for a permanent restoration. If the technology is located at a dental lab rather than the dental office, then a two-visit restoration is necessary.</p>

<p><strong><em>CAD / CAM technology cannot replace the dentist or dental lab technician who must be accurate in creating the initial tooth preparation and impression. For example, a high level of skill is crucial in fabricating and fitting crowns. An ill-fitted crown can leave space between the teeth or between the tooth preparation and the crown, which may be problematic in two ways:</em></strong></p>

<ol>
	<li>Increased risk of infection or disease because debris may lodge in the open space.</li>
	<li>Increased risk of teeth shifting because of the open space.</li>
</ol>

<p>Previously, it has been difficult to offer high levels of tooth restoration strength without using metals, such as in an amalgam dental filling or gold restoration. However, today&#39;s porcelain ceramics work very well in the milling chamber, providing strength, durability, and a high esthetic value. Furthermore, today&#39;s materials such as zirconia may be more &quot;fracture resistant&quot; than those of the past. Although CAD / CAM is an exciting technology, it is not necessarily applicable to all procedures requiring porcelain.</p>

<p>Of CAD /CAM crowns, bridges, veneers, inlay onlay, some of the popular brands which we provide to our patients and get them fabricated from the top laboratories of India, U.S.A. and Sweden are :</p>

<ul>
	<li>Procera ( Nobel Biocare ) <a href="http://www.nobelbiocare.com">www.nobelbiocare.com</a></li>
	<li>Everest ( Kavo Dental Corporation ) <a href="http://www.nobelbiocare.com">www.kavousa.com</a></li>
	<li>Cerec ( Sirona ) <a href="http://www.nobelbiocare.com">www.cereconline.com/cerec</a></li>
	<li>Orion ( Zerkonindia ) <a href="http://www.zerkonindia.com">www.zerkonindia.com</a></li>
	<li>Lava ( 3M ) <a href="http://www.3m.com">www.3m.com</a></li>
</ul>

<p><strong><em>To know the details of the products given above kindly click the link given with each product.</em></strong></p>
',
			'my_token' => '9rl3w',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label>What isCAD/CAMDenistry</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>CAD/CAM Dentistry (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing in Dentistry) is an advanced area of dentistry that uses computer technology to help design and manufacture different types of dental restorations.  We now utilize this technology to produce accurate crowns, veneers, inlays/onlays, bridges, dental implant restorations and orthodontic appliances.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the benefit of this technology</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The benefit of CAD/CAM technology is that it allows the practitioner the ability to produce esthetic, well-fitting prosthetic dental restorations on-site in a matter of hours.  </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the benefit of this technology</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The benefit of CAD/CAM technology is that it allows the practitioner the ability to produce esthetic, well-fitting prosthetic dental restorations on-site in a matter of hours.  </p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>Are same day restorations long-lasting?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Today's same day CAD/CAM restorations are better fitting, more durable and more natural looking (multi-colored and translucent, similar to natural teeth) than previous CAD/CAM  restorations. They also are less likely to fracture than materials used in the past.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is same day dentistry?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Same day dentistry provides treatment in a single dental appointment for certain conditions using in-office CAD/CAM technology. Patients can receive milled metal-free crowns, veneers, onlays and inlays while they wait if their dentist has either a CEREC (made by Sirona) or E4D Dentist System (made by D4D Technologies) in the dental office.  </p>
</div>
</section>


<section class="toggle">
<label>Who Can Have Same Day Dentistry?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Not every tooth can be treated with a CAD/CAM restoration. Your dentist will determine if a CAD/CAM restoration is among the appropriate treatment options for your condition. Additionally, despite improvements in the esthetics of CAD/CAM materials, patients may find that some CAD/CAM restorations look too opaque and lack natural characterizations.</p>

<p>Depending on the type of restoration that's needed (such as veneers), your dentist may prefer conventional laboratory fabrication techniques for the high esthetic value. Therefore, patients must discuss their particular situation and desires with their dentist, who will make the final treatment decision based on a thorough examination.  </p>
</div>
</section>
</div> ',
			'before_id' => '21'
		)
	),
	(int) 5 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '24',
			'pre_cat' => '21',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Diastema (Gap Between Teeth) Closure',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_42_am_Diastema-(Gap-Between-Teeth)-Closure.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Causes">Causes</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Symptoms">Symptoms</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Diagnosis">Diagnosis</a></li>
	<li><a href="#ExpectedDuration">Expected Duration</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Prevention">Prevention</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Treatment">Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="../../User/faq/24">FAQs</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/25">Before &amp; After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2>Introduction</h2>

<p><a name="Introduction"></a></p>

<p>A diastema is a space or gap between two teeth. It appears most often between the two upper front teeth. However, gaps can occur between any two teeth. At some stages of dental development, it&#39;s normal to have a diastema, and the space eventually closes after the permanent canine teeth (eye teeth) erupt into the mouth. However, in some people, the space does not close. Any space between the front teeth will make the smile irregular and can have profound effects on the face. Space Closure will not only improve the self image of the patient, but it will also allow people to look at the face without being distracted by the irregularity in the smile.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/743aa93.jpg" style="height:150px; width:200px" /></p>

<h2>Causes</h2>

<p><a name="Causes"></a></p>

<p>A mismatch between the size of the jaw bones and the size of the teeth can cause either extra space between teeth or crowding of teeth. If the teeth are too small for the jaw bone, spaces between the teeth will occur. If the teeth are too big for the jaw, teeth will be crowded.</p>

<p>Sometimes some teeth are missing or undersized. This happens most often with the upper lateral incisors. That can cause the upper central incisors to develop a space.</p>

<p>A diastema also can be caused by an oversized labial frenum. The labial frenum is the piece of tissue that normally extends from the inside of your upper lip to the gum just above your two upper front teeth. In some situations, the labial frenum continues to grow and passes between the two front teeth. If this happens, it blocks the natural closing of the space between these teeth.</p>

<p>Habits can also lead to gaps between the teeth. Thumb sucking tends to pull the front teeth forward, creating gaps.</p>

<p>Spaces can develop from an incorrect swallowing reflex. For most people, the tongue presses against the roof of the mouth (palate) during swallowing. Some people develop a different reflex known as a tongue thrust. When they swallow, the tongue presses against the front teeth. Over time the pressure will push the front teeth forward. This can cause spaces to develop.</p>

<p>Periodontal (gum) disease results in the loss of the bone that supports the teeth. In people who have lost a lot of bone, the teeth can become loose. This movement can result in gaps between the front teeth.</p>

<p>Children may have temporary gaps as their baby teeth fall out. Most of these spaces close as the permanent teeth reach their final positions.</p>

<h2>Symptoms</h2>

<p><a name="Symptoms"></a></p>

<p>A diastema that occurs because of a mismatch between the teeth and the jaw does not have symptoms. However, spaces caused by a tongue thrust habit or periodontal disease will tend to expand or grow with time. The teeth may become loose, and discomfort or pain may occur, particularly during biting or chewing.</p>

<h2>Diagnosis</h2>

<p><a name="Diagnosis"></a></p>

<p>You may notice a space when brushing or flossing. Your dentist can see spaces during an examination.</p>

<h2>Expected Duration</h2>

<p><a name="ExpectedDuration"></a></p>

<p>If the gap was caused by a mismatch between the permanent teeth and the jaw size, the spaces can be expected to remain throughout life.</p>

<p>Gaps caused by a tongue thrust habit or periodontal disease can get larger with time.</p>

<h2>Prevention</h2>

<p><a name="Prevention"></a></p>

<p>Not all spaces can be prevented. For example, if the reason for a space is a missing tooth or a mismatch between the teeth and the jaw size, the spaces cannot be prevented without treatment.</p>

<p>Maintaining your gum health is essential to good oral health. Regular flossing and brushing will help to prevent periodontal disease and its related bone loss.</p>

<p>People with a tongue thrust habit can re-wallow by pushing their tongue up against their palate. Breaking this habit can prevent widening of the spaces between teeth.</p>

<h2>Treatment</h2>

<p><a name="Treatment"></a></p>

<p>Many people with diastema feel very comfortable with it and do not look for a way to correct it. Some of them believe that it makes them look sexy. Even some famous actors have not treated their gapped teeth considering it as a part of their personality. But if you do not belong in any of these groups and you think that diastema has a negative effect in your appearance, there are several cosmetic dentistry treatments available for its correction.</p>

<p>The most common treatment options depending upon the type of case, cost factor, time and patients requirement and expectations, includes</p>

<ul>
	<li>Orthodontic Treatment.</li>
	<li>Veneers and Crowning.</li>
	<li>Dental Bonding.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Orthodontic Treatment</h2>

<p>An orthodontist can close a gap between teeth with the use of dental braces by slightly moving the gapped teeth close to each other. For big diastemas, several teeth have to be moved towards the area of the gap, so that there are equal gaps between all front teeth. Orthodontic treatment of diastema provides permanent results but it may take a long time to complete (more than one year for big gaps). . In some cases treatment consist of nothing more than removable appliances or retainers. In other, clear plastic brackets, instead of traditional metal ones, can be used.</p>

<p>Lingual braces are one of the most exciting developments in moving teeth. They are virtually imperceptible to others. However, the treatment can also cost more and take longer than with other devices.</p>

<p>Although orthodontic treatment requires regular check up and require most of the time of the alternatives, it has the advantage of leaving the natural teeth intact and being closest to a permanent solution. Bonding, laminating, the other hand, will require repair or periodic replacement.</p>

<h3>Porcelain Veneers</h3>

<p>Veneers offer the most revolutionary (but also the most expensive) advancement in aesthetic dentistry. Porcelain veneers are made of a thin layer of porcelain only around half a millimeter thick which is glued to the front of the tooth to restore its natural appearance. They are custom made by the same material used to make tooth-colored crowns or caps, which once cemented to the tooth, looks like natural tooth structure. Although bonding is the quickest way to close spaces between the teeth, laminating with porcelain is also an option.</p>

<p>The major advantage is the accuracy that it provides and better esthetic appearance. It wears less than the composite, stain less and lasts more.</p>

<hr />
<h3>Dental Bonding</h3>

<p>Bonding consists in the application of a tooth-colored dental composite resin (plastic) material that looks like the natural enamel to the surface of the tooth, where it is sculpted into shape and contoured. The material is hardened and bonded on the enamel with a special high-intensity blue light and finally it is polished. Despite its tendency for staining, for minor cosmetic corrections placing dental bonding on teeth is still the technique of choice. This is because in those cases where its application is appropriate, placing dental bonding is typically more conservative than other restorative choices such as dental crowns and possibly porcelain veneers (where amounts of tooth structure must be removed as part of the restorative process). In those cases where the cosmetic aspects of the bonding has become objectionable, it is common that it can simply and easily be buffed back and a new layer of dental composite placed so to rejuvenate its appearance.</p>

<h2>Prosthetic Dentistry</h2>

<p>If the diastema is created because there are missing teeth, the available treatments include dental implants, bridge, or partial denture</p>

<hr />
<h3>Frenectomy</h3>

<p>If a large labial frenum is causing the gap, the frenum can be reduced through surgery called a frenectomy. If a frenectomy is done in a younger child, the space may close on its own. If it is done in an older child or an adult, the space may need to be closed with braces.</p>

<hr />
<h3>Periodontal Treatment</h3>

<p>If the gap is caused by periodontal disease, then periodontal treatment by a dentist or gum specialist (periodontist) is necessary. When gum health is restored, in many cases braces can be used to move the teeth into place. A splint can be used to attach teeth to other teeth and prevent them from moving again. In some cases, a bridge will be required to close the spaces.</p>
',
			'my_token' => '9rl3w',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Will Invisalign work for a large diastema and small crossbite?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>
well i had a crossbite and a little bit of a snaggle tooth. I am on my 12 set out of 13 and i can most definatlry tell a huge differnce in my teeth.

btw invisalign is (in my opion) the best way to straigten your teeth because it doesnt hurt at all and i only had mine for about six months. you also have shorter visit than with regular braces.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long does it take to close a gap( diastema) between your front teeth with braces?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>It all depends on how good u take care of ur braces, it may shorteren the time, But if u do a crapy job of taking care of u braces it is going to take longer. But it all depends on u, My brother had his braces on 4 5 years!! And he took good care of them, But like i said it all depends!!
Good luck:)</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is this bump above my diastema (gap)?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The bump is a naturally occurring bit of gum tissue. Everyone has it, but it's behind their front teeth. The gap lets yours shows. It is called the incisive papilla. It is meant to be padding over a place where a nerve, artery, and vein come out of the palate. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can an addtional tooth be inserted to remove diastema?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>If the space is large enough so the tooth looks normal, it can be inserted. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Hi! I have a diastema in my two upper front teeth. It looks like an open gate facing on the inside \ /.?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Yes, and it's a great way to change the shape, appearance and fill the gap. I had my 4 front teeth done, but you may be able to get away with two. They look and feel natural.
Most insurance wont cover it, but it's worth the money. 
Ask the dentist if you can go to the lab for a custom shade? That way you are sure to get a more perfect match to your other teeth.</p>
</div>
</section>



</div>  ',
			'before_id' => '25'
		)
	),
	(int) 6 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '25',
			'pre_cat' => '21',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Smile Designing',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_50_am_Smile Designing.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#The">The Definition Of Smile Design</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Smile">Smile Design Techniques</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Are">Are You A Candidate For Cosmetic Dentistry?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Your">Your Smile Analysis</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Principle">Principle of Smile Designing</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/25">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/28">Before &amp; After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<hr />
<p><em>In my opinion, it is in the smile of a face that the essence of what we call beauty lies. If the smile heightens the charm of the face, then the face is a beautiful one. If the smile does not alter the face, then the face is an ordinary one. But if the smile spoils the face, then the face is an ugly one Indeed.</em><br />
<small>Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich </small></p>

<hr />
<h2><br />
<a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>According to a recent survey by the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, 9 out of 10 people surveyed agreed that an attractive smile is an important asset to their overall appearance. In addition, three-fourths of the same group said that an unattractive smile could hurt their chances for career success. Despite this overwhelming perception, most people are unaware that their smile can be improved with cosmetic dentistry. With recent advances in materials and techniques, cosmetic dentists are able to take a worn, dull, chipped, crooked smile and transform it, in many cases, in as little as two visits. The term for this transformation of a person&rsquo;s smile is referred to as Smile Design.</p>

<h2><a id="The" name="The"></a>The Definition Of Smile Design</h2>

<p>During the last decade, the term &lsquo;smile design&rsquo; has gradually become commonly used in the ever more popular esthetic dentistry.<br />
But what does smile design actually mean?<br />
In the everyday language, the term &lsquo;smile design&rsquo; is often used as the synonym of a dental treatment with esthetic purposes. However, smile design is actually a process before the treatment starts:</p>

<p>Smile design is the planning and pre-visualization of the desired end result of an esthetic dental treatment targeting a more harmonious state instead of the current disharmony, according the rules of facial, smile, tooth and gingival harmony and the individual needs of the patient, paying particular attention to the functional aspects and the feasibility.<br />
Rules of Harmony</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/9212903.JPG" style="height:267px; width:233px" /></p>

<p>A smile design is not simply based on the esthetic sense of the dentist or the dental technician. Nowadays, the design procedure is a complex task, guided by closely interrelated facial, smile, tooth and gingival harmony aspects and rules, taking into consideration the properties specific to the patient&#39;s age group.</p>

<h2>Functional Aspects</h2>

<p>Functionality should never be overridden by esthetics. Besides esthetic aspects, the functional requirements (i.e., the operating requirements of the teeth and the Mandibular joint) should also be considered by the dentist to a maximal degree.<br />
Feasibility</p>

<p>Besides the principles of harmony and the ideas of the patient, the appropriate smile should be chosen with feasibility considerations taken fully into account.<br />
There are several means of pre-demonstrating the different possibilities and the designed smile to the patient, but computer-assisted smile design is, without doubt, the most effective one.<br />
Computer-assisted smile design can be performed by the dentist using a custom graphic design program or a special smile design software.<br />
Modern dental offices can provide the patients with the opportunity to view thousands of possible dentures quite realistically represented in their own facial photos, and thus, to choose&mdash;staying within the limits of feasibility&mdash;a smile type, together with the dentist, that suits the principles of harmony and the individual preferences. The printed or saved smile design images can be given to the patients to help his/her decision.<br />
Individual Needs of The Patients</p>

<p>The dentist should not ignore the opinion of the patient. In most cases, the instructions, taste and style of the patient all contribute to the creation of a truly harmonious smile.</p>

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
<br />
To sum up SMILE DESIGNING can be defined as a science and art of planning and pre-visualization of a more harmonious smile instead of a current disharmony, and then executing it by means of repositioning, reshaping and recon touring of teeth and gingiva, based on certain set of esthetic principles and guidelines after considering patients functional, biological, individual and emotional needs and feasibility, so that teeth harmonize with gums, lips and face and thus enhances the smile and overall personality and self esteem of an individual</p>

<h2><a id="Smile" name="Smile"></a>Smile Design Techniques</h2>

<p>After smile design, i.e. the planning and pre-visualization of the desired end result of the esthetic dental treatment follows the creation of the designed smile, which is actually the treatment itself. There are several techniques of esthetic treatments. Your dentist has to decide with you which one to apply based on your current tooth conditions, the desired end result (i.e. the designed smile), the affordable budget and some other factors. The length of the treatment period can also be important, and sometimes the reversibility can also play a role. The trend is applying more and more non- or minimal-invasive techniques, i.e. your dentist should keep from your original teeth as much as possible. Besides other aspects, the functional requirements should also be considered by the dentist to a maximal degree, after the treatment you have to be able to use your teeth at least you could use them before.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>As your dentist should pay attention to the aspect of feasibility already at the phase of planning and pre-visualization, actually, the decision on the applicable technique is to be taken at the very beginning, before the pre-visualization.</p>

<p>Some techniques your dentist can use to create your smile :</p>

<h3>Recontouring</h3>

<p>Using a very fine polishing disc or diamond bur teeth can be reshaped or recontoured. The most angled tooth edges, the too convex, bulging or rotated part of the teeth can be slightly removed by polishing, not exposing dentine. By this method teeth can be rejuvenated, the smile can become more harmonious.</p>

<h3>Direct Veneers</h3>

<p>This is a minimal-invasive method using specific esthetic composite materials according to a natural layering concept or anatomical stratification technique. Using these materials teeth can be reshaped or rebuilt by a very thin, tooth-colored composite layer coated to the outer surface of the teeth.</p>

<h3>Indirect Veneers</h3>

<p>For reshaping teeth, solving gaps, inherited or acquired tooth shape problems, treating discoloration problems or just making a new smile porcelain veneers are the perfect solution instead of crowns. For veneers 0.6 mm deep preparation is needed in the tooth structure before bonding them to the outer surface of the teeth.</p>

<h3>Non-prep (tenuia) Veneers, Lumineers</h3>

<p>Tenuia veneers are the so called &bdquo;non-prep veneers&rdquo;. One of the most non-invasive procedures. This type of veneer is a 0.3-0.4 mm thin porcelain which can be placed without any preparation. However, recontouring is necessary before placing this type of veneers.</p>

<h3>Prosthetic Work</h3>

<p>Prosthetic works include metal-fused porcelain works, full-ceramic or zirconium bridges, combined works, front crowns and dentures. For making a perfect smile new crowns may be needed or the old ones has to be replaced. It is also possible to make bridges from full-ceramic, metal-fused porcelain or zirconium materials. If you are toothless, a denture can be made. The rules of smile design and of the gnathology have always to be considered.</p>

<h3>Implant Works - Implant Suprastructure Design</h3>

<p>For making fixed individual crowns or fixed bridges for toothless patients implant screws have to be placed into the bone. This is a specific method for dissolving toothless problems and simulating the feeling of natural teeth. The design of the suprastructure on the abuttment always has to be based on the rules of smile design and gnathology.</p>

<h3>Smile Makeover</h3>

<p>Using some above mentioned techniques the patient&rsquo;s old smile can be changed into a complete new one. Smile makeover is usually required in case of deep bite, disadvantageous teeth exposition during smiling or speaking and serious esthetic problems. Direct or indirect veneers, crowns, onlays can be made for changing the incisal curve, the smile type, the tooth shape, the tooth harmony or adjusting the deep bite. As the outcome of the treatment it can be possible to give the patient back a high level of smile and face harmony.</p>

<h3>Smile Rejuvenation</h3>

<p>All the above mentioned techniques that can make younger your tooth shape, tooth character, or your whole smile can be called smile rejuvenation. Most common methods are veneers and crowns for the front teeth.</p>

<h3>Instant Orthodontics</h3>

<p>In case of slightly crowded teeth recontouring or direct veneers are the best solution to straighten the teeth in 1 or 2 hours. Actually, all the methods that can solve crowding in a very short time are one kind of instant orthodontics.</p>

<h3>Soft Tissue Management</h3>

<p>Red and white esthetic in smile design are essential. Therefore for the perfect gingival contour it is sometimes necessary to reshape the gingiva. In case of slight asymmetry gingival contouring by laser might be enough. For solving gummy smile or low gingival horizon general or local crown lengthening is needed. In case of loss of papilla or gingiva soft tissue transplantation could be the best method. These are already very sophisticated surgical interventions. As the outcome can be influenced by several factors, a deep consultation is definitely necessary before the treatment.</p>

<h3>Orthodontics</h3>

<p>Some smile design cases can be solved properly only combined with orthodontics. In case of overjet, overbite, narrow jaw, crowded teeth, gnathological problems, maxillofacial disorders, face disharmony problems one of the orthodontic treatments (conventional techniques, Damon system, Incognito system, Invisalign system, etc.) is recommended. The treatment can last for 1.5-3 years depending on the case.</p>

<h3>Related Methods</h3>

<p>The effect of esthetic dental procedures can be highly influenced and enhanced by some cosmetic and plastic surgery interventions like refillers, botox, etc. These techniques can be suggested in some cases.</p>

<p>There are a lot of simple cases when creating the designed smile, but sometimes it is more complicated and a mix of different techniques is to be applied. In these cases the smile creation is suggested to be carried out by a dentist team.</p>

<p>The periodontologist can make a perfect marginal contour by applying crown lengthening techniques, soft tissue management and can create a healthy gum.</p>

<p>The orthodontist can widen the jaws, straighten the teeth, improve the exposition of the teeth during smiling or speaking, adjusting the bite high, reestablish the face soft tissue harmonious design or reestablish the perfect ratios.</p>

<p>The prosthodontist can reconstruct the tooth and soft tissue function by replacing missing teeth (denture, combined work, implant suprastructure).</p>

<p>The gnathologist can treat gnathological problems, TMJ disorders, and can create a harmonious function with the new dental work.</p>

<p>The esthetic dentist can create esthetic, harmonious dental work with special direct or indirect techniques.</p>

<p>The implantologist can place implants for solving missing teeth problems.</p>

<p>The dental technician can make a perfect, living ceramic work.Using any of the smile creation techniques, the rules of smile design have always to be considered.</p>

<h2><a id="Are" name="Are"></a>Are You A Candidate For Cosmetic Dentistry?</h2>

<p>Whether you like it or not, your smile tells people something about who you are.</p>

<p>Dr.K.E.Manning<br />
A charming smile can open doors and knock down barriers that stand between you and a fuller, richer life.</p>

<p>Answer the following questions and find out it yourself whether you are the right candidate for cosmetic dentistry or not :</p>

<div class="floatspan">
<p>01. Are you self confident about smiling? Yes / No<br />
02. Do you ever put your hand over your mouth when you smile? Yes / No<br />
03. Do you shy away from smiling in public, especially in front of strangers? Yes / No<br />
04. Do you photograph better from one side of your face? Yes / No<br />
05. Do you look at pictures of models and actors, and wish that you had a smile like theirs? Yes / No<br />
06. When you look at your pictures, do you like your smile? Yes / No<br />
07. When you look at your pictures, do you see a full smile? Yes / No<br />
08. When you look at your smile in the mirror, do you see any defects in your teeth or gums? Yes / No<br />
09. Do you wish your teeth were whiter? Yes / No<br />
10. Is the surface of your teeth smooth? Yes / No<br />
11. Do you have irregular, decayed, missing or chipped teeth? Yes / No<br />
12. Do you have spaces between your teeth? Yes / No<br />
13. Are you satisfied with the way your gums look?Yes / No<br />
14. Do the edges of your teeth follow the curve of the lower lip? Yes / No<br />
15. Do you show too many or too few teeth when you smile? Yes / No<br />
16. Do you show too much or too little gum when you smile? Yes / No<br />
17. Are your teeth too long or too short? Yes / No<br />
18. Are your teeth too wide or too narrow? Yes / No<br />
19. Are your teeth too square or too round? Yes / No<br />
20. Do you like the way your teeth are shaped? Yes / No<br />
21. Do you have ill-fitting dental work done on your front teeth? Yes / No<br />
22. Do your gums bleed on brushing or appear swollen? Yes / No<br />
23. Do you have recession of the gums? Yes / No<br />
If you answered NO to every question except 1,6,7,10,13,14,20, you are content with your smile.</p>
</div>

<h2><a id="Your" name="Your"></a>Your Smile Analysis</h2>

<p>We all live in a modern ,beauty conscious competitive society, where an individual with a pleasing appearance definitely has an edge over the one who does not have that charming appearance. Smile plays a major role in how we perceives, as well as in the impressions we make on the people around us. So how important is your smile? The reality for today is that once smile is increasing in importance well beyond the documented proof. Your smile can have a distinct impact on your psychosocial well being and self esteem. To paraphrase.... &ldquo; A smile cost nothing , but gives so much; a smile takes but a moment , but can last forever&quot;</p>

<h3>Your smile truly animates your face!</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/10c0a483.JPG" style="height:220px; width:306px" /></p>

<p>We are all familiar with the cold lifeless appearance to many faces. We also should be familiar with the fact that many faces really come to life when a person smiles. The face becomes animated and the personality of the person really starts to shine through the smile. This smile can have a dramatic affect on all other people in proximity to the smile and is contagious with its positive impact on all present.</p>

<h3>Your smile is important to all your interpersonal relationship!</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1184d562.JPG" style="height:218px; width:157px" /></p>

<p>Research clearly indicates that people with a more attractive smile are generally regarded as a more popular. An attractive smile tend to suggest that you have more desirable social characteristics and are more desirable as a dating partner.</p>

<p>People with an attractive smile are perceived as having greater intelligence and thus greater educational potential. You are , in other word, more likely to have higher grades at school if you have an attractive smile. In terms of business potential, the probability is higher that you will succeed in business with an attractive smile. For example, if you are a sales person, your sales number will be higher with an attractive smile.</p>

<h3>Your smile will define the character of your face!</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/13c16ebd.JPG" style="height:245px; width:212px" /></p>

<p>Your smile for example can be characterized as being either feminine or masculine. Your smile can dramatically age your face or conversely give your face a more youthful appearance. Your smile can create the perception of an aggressive character or a more passive character.</p>

<h3>Your smile is absolutely important to establishing personal contacts!</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/144fe78b.JPG" style="height:248px; width:172px" /></p>

<p>A common question during social interactions is often oriented around what attracts you to a perspective mate. Research tends to suggest that during similar social interactions your eyes will primarily scan the other person&rsquo;s eyes and areas of the mouth (smile) with little time spent in observations of the other features. Thus your smile is the first and most important impression a prospective mate will remember you by after initial contact.</p>

<p><a href="http://smilebydesign.co/smile_analysis.html"><img alt="Your Smile Analysis" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/205729abe.png" style="width:100%" /></a></p>

<h2><a id="Principle" name="Principle"></a>Principle of smile designing</h2>

<p><br />
The principles of smile design require an integration of esthetic concepts that harmonize facial esthetics with the dental facial composition and the dental composition. The dental facial composition includes the lips and the smile as they relate to the face. The dental composition relates more specifically to the size, shape, and positions of the teeth and their relationship to the alveolar bone and gingival tissues. Therefore, smile design includes an evaluation and analysis of both the hard and soft tissues of the face and smile.</p>

<h3>Facial esthetic</h3>

<p>Facial beauty is based on standard esthetic principles that involve the proper alignment, symmetry, and proportions of the face. The basic shape of the face is derived from the scaffolding matrix comprised of the facial bones that form the skull and jaw as well as of the cartilage and soft tissues that overlay this framework.</p>

<p>Facial features in smile design include facial height, facial shape, facial profile, gender, and age. In classical terms, the face height is divided into three equal thirds: from forehead to brow line, from brow line to the base of the nose, and from the base of the nose to the base of the chin. The upper third is considered the cerebral ox intellectual portion. The middle third is considered the sentimental or social portion. The lower third is considered the sensual or physical portion. Increased dimension of any area increases perceived personality of a person The width of the face is typically the width of five &ldquo;eyes&rdquo; As viewed from the frontal position, the four basic facial shapes recognized in the Trubyte denture tooth mould selection guide are square, tapering, square tapering, and ovoid. Lateral facial profiles can be straight, convex, or concave. A cephalometric analysis of the head in frontal and lateral views is useful in determining bony relationships of the face and the mandible, and their relationship to the teeth in the alveolar bone. The facial features related to gender and age involve the soft tissues and include the texture, complexion, and tissue integrity of the epithelial tissues.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/15b37dbf.JPG" style="height:262px; width:352px" /></p>

<h3>Golden or divine proportion</h3>

<p>The first mathematical formula for beauty came from Italy in the 1495 from Fibonacci who described the &ldquo;golden ratio&rdquo; which is 1:1.618. This ratio is often designated by the Greek letter &lsquo;phi&rsquo; and is used to create geometrical forms including the golden rectangle, golden triangle and the golden spiral (Nautilus shell).</p>

<p>In 1509, Pacioli published a dissertation De Divina Proporcione (divine proportions) that related these proportions to human form art and architecture. Leonardo DaVinci illustrated that dissertation. Subsequently, the art and architecture of DaVinci demonstrated the use of golden proportions and golden spirals, keeping elements in the 1:1.618 ratio of the &ldquo;Golden Proportions&rdquo;.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/162eaa46.JPG" style="height:230px; width:161px" /></p>

<p>We use the same principles and proportions to create natural, balanced, harmonious smiles for you.</p>

<h3>Facial Beauty / Divine Proportion</h3>

<p>Everything in the universe is based on the proportion: 1 to 1.618</p>

<p>1 to 1.618 =</p>

<p>Divine proportion =</p>

<p>Golden proportion =</p>

<p>Phi =</p>

<p>Ñ„ =</p>

<p>Beauty =</p>

<p>Balance &amp; Harmony =</p>

<p>Divine proportion is everywhere! In art, architecture, advertisement, music, birds, insects, flowers, etc.</p>

<h3>Now let us discuss the possible effect of Divine Proportion to the human body.</h3>

<p style="text-align:right"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/173231b1.JPG" style="height:159px; width:160px" /></p>

<p>The concept of divine proportion is not new. Even the great artist Leonardo Da Vinci over 500 years ago illustrated it.</p>

<p>Man in a circle illustrating proportion by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1485-90<br />
There are millions, possibly billions of examples of Divine Proportion in and on the human body. The illustration to the right only shows a few example.</p>

<p>Top of head to belly button = 1, then belly button to bottom of the feet = 1.618 Shoulder to fingertip =1, then the ideal height of man or woman = 1.618</p>

<p>All beautiful faces regardless of race, age, sex, and other variables conform to the Divine Proportion.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/18edd913.JPG" style="height:300px; width:400px" /></p>

<p>Ideal vertical proportion. If the Cheilion- corner of the mouth (CH) to the bottom of the chin (ME) is one, then the distance between corner of the mouth (CH) to lateral canthus of eye (LC) is 1.618. If the distance from LN (Lateral side of nose) to bottom of the chin ME is 1, then the corner of the nose LN to TRI trichion-begining of forehead wrinkling when one lifts the eyebrow is 1.618.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/190d1bc1.JPG" style="height:400px; width:300px" /></p>

<p>Ideal transverse proportion. If the width of the nose (LN) is 1, then the width of the mouth (CH) is 1.618; the width between two corners of the eyes (LC) is (1.618)2, and the width between two temples (TS) is (1.618)3.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2027dc99.JPG" style="height:436px; width:350px" /></p>

<p>Ideal height and width of a face. If the distance between the two cheeks are 1, then the ideal height is 1.618</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/21986abf.JPG" style="height:282px; width:282px" /></p>

<p>Above photograph illustrates the following golden sections in the human face:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Centre of pupil; Bottom of teeth; Bottom of chin</li>
	<li>Centre of pupil; Base of nose; Bottom of teeth</li>
	<li>Centre of pupil; base of nose; Bottom of chin</li>
	<li>Base of nose; Bottom of teeth; Bottom of chin</li>
	<li>Outer &amp; inner edge of eye: Center of nose</li>
	<li>Outer edges of lips : Upper ridges of lips</li>
	<li>Width of center tooth : Width of second tooth</li>
	<li>Width of eye : Width of iris</li>
</ul>

<p>Even when viewed from the side, the human head illustrates the Divine Proportion.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2215c947.JPG" style="height:232px; width:241px" /></p>

<p>The first golden section (blue) from the front of the head defines the position of the ear opening. The successive golden sections define the neck (yellow), the back of the eye (green) and the front of the eye and back of the nose and mouth (magenta). The dimensions of the face from top to bottom also exhibit the Divine Proportion, in the positions of the eye brow (blue), nose (yellow) and mouth (green and magenta).</p>

<p>Even the dimensions of our teeth are based on phi</p>

<p style="text-align:right"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/239c40cb.JPG" style="height:135px; width:257px" /></p>

<p><br />
The front two incisor teeth form a golden rectangle, with a phi ratio in the height to the width.</p>

<p>The ratio of the width of the smile to the third tooth from the center is phi as well.</p>

<p style="text-align:right"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/24d86410.JPG" style="height:143px; width:309px" /></p>

<p>The four front teeth, from central incisor to premolar are the most significant part of the smile and they are in the Golden Proportion to each other.</p>

<p>s</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/252b31ca.JPG" style="height:204px; width:424px" /></p>

<h2>Relationship of Eyes to teeth</h2>

<p>The WHITE of the eyes AB is in the Golden Proportion to the space between the eyes BC as seen in the children&#39;s photo of eyes fig below.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/267366bf.JPG" style="height:127px; width:93px" /></p>

<p>From this we can conclude that the WHITE width FG of the Anterior Aesthetic Segment is in the Golden Proportion to the WHITE of the eyes AB, as follows:</p>

<p>By measurement it will be found that the width of the smiling lips from one corner of the mouth to the other is equal to the distance between the bridge of the nose plus the width of the eye, AC=DE</p>

<h3>EYES</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/199e70131.png" style="height:127px; width:431px" /></p>

<h3>Smile</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1993f2a31.png" style="height:220px; width:232px" /></p>

<h3>Eyes &amp; Smile</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/20081eac2.png" style="height:272px; width:422px" /></p>

<p>Dr. Jefferson believes that there is a universal standard for facial beauty regardless of race, age, sex, etc.!</p>

<p>As discussed previously, Divine Proportion is everywhere. It is found in living and non living dynamic entities, like the galaxy.</p>

<p>Entire human population is genetically encoded to develop toward the Divine Proportion. Since Divine Proportion applies to every human individual, then there is a universal standard for facial beauty based on balance and harmony.</p>

<h3>Universal Standard</h3>

<p style="text-align:right"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/30e47e4a.JPG" style="height:186px; width:144px" /></p>

<p><br />
Dr. Stephen Marquardt, maxillo-facial surgeon, developed a beauty mask overlay based on the Divine Proportion. If an individual&rsquo;s face conforms to the beauty mask, then the face will be beautiful. There is a beauty mask for males and females based on the Divine Proportion regardless of race, age, or nationalities.</p>

<p style="text-align:right"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/31ce9c0f.JPG" style="height:281px; width:187px" /></p>

<p>This models face is beautiful because it conforms to the Divine Proportion.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/329f2739.JPG" style="height:220px; width:304px" /></p>

<p>Nefertiti, from about 1370 to 1350 B.C., considered beautiful in her time conforms to the beauty mask. This shows that the standard of beauty back then, 3,200 years ago, was the same as it is today. Beauty is timeless!</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/3366c592.JPG" style="height:188px; width:304px" /></p>

<p>This face was voted to be the most beautiful by 10,000 website voters. It conforms to the beauty mask.</p>

<p>Facial features that have a particularly important impact on the dental&ndash;facial composition are those that relate the interpupillary plane with the commisure line and the occlusal plane. The interpupillary line should be parallel with the horizontal line and perpendicular to the midline of the face. In addition, the interpupillary line should be parallel with the commisure line and occlusal plane.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/341116aa.JPG" style="height:150px; width:190px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Horizontal Alignment</p>

<p>A smile line parallel to the horizontal is often thought to be most attractive. Even when the eye line does not coincide with this, the illusion of horizontal alignment should be created.</p>

<h3>DENTAL-FACIAL COMPOSITION</h3>

<h2>LIP ANALYSIS</h2>

<p>The lips play an important role in that they create the boundaries of the smile design&#39;s influence.Genetic traits; the position of the teeth, alveolar bone, and jaws; and their relationships influence the shape of the lips. The upper lip is somewhat more arched and wider than the lower lip. Because the maxillary arch with the teeth overlaps the mandibular arch, the upper lip is the longer of the two. The lower lip, therefore, is recessed beneath the upper lip approximately 30&deg; in relation to the upper lip when the arches are properly aligned.</p>

<h3>Morphology of lips</h3>

<p>There are three aspects of the lip morphology that should be considered: width, fullness, and symmetry.</p>

<h2>Width</h2>

<p>Wide lips make for a wide smile. In general terms, a smile that is at least half the width of the face, at that level of the face, is considered esthetic.</p>

<h2>Fullness</h2>

<p>The fullness of the lip, or lip volume, can be categorized as full, average, or thin.</p>

<h2>Symmetry</h2>

<p>Lip symmetry involves the mirror image appearance of each lip when smiling.</p>

<p>The upper and lower lips should be analyzed separately and independently of one another. Independent evaluation of the upper and lower lip is essential when analyzing both symmetry and fullness. The question should be asked: &ldquo;Are the upper and lower lips symmetric on both sides of the midline and do they have the same degree of fullness?&rdquo; In Fig.A, the upper and lower lips are symmetric but they differ in fullness. In Fig.B the upper lip is asymmetric and the lower lip is symmetric and the fullness is similar. Recognizing the etiology of lip asymmetries is helpful in determining if there is a dental solution for improvement or if plastic surgery is necessary. Sometimes both are necessary to provide the results desired by the patient.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/3597fb40.JPG" style="height:309px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>Fig. (A) The upper and lower lips are symmetric but they differ in fullness. (B) The upper lip is asymmetric.</p>

<h2>Position of lips</h2>

<p>The position of the lips in the rest position should be evaluated for lip contact as well as for the range of lip mobility when smiling. These two determinants establish how much tooth structure and gingival tissue are revealed when comparing the repose and full smile positions. Lip evaluation is also useful when considering the patient&#39;s expectation and, more importantly, for revealing tooth and tissue asymmetries or defects.</p>

<p>When smiling, the inferior border of the upper lip as it relates to the teeth and gingival tissues is called the lip line. An average lip line exposes the maxillary teeth and only the interdental papillae. A high lip line exposes the teeth in full display as well as gingival tissues above the gingival margins. A low lip line displays no gingival tissues when smiling.</p>

<p>In cases where there is a high lip line and an excessive gingival display exists, an unwanted &ldquo;gummy smile&rdquo; becomes evident. Several corrective options are available, depending on conditions and patient limitations. With cephalometric analysis, vertical maxillary excess can be determined. Orthodontics and orthognathic surgery to impact the maxilla are ideal when these conditions are confirmed as skeletal displasias in nature.</p>

<p>In other cases where apparent diminished tooth size in combination with a high lip line creates a gummy smile, corrective periodontal procedures are an option. This involves cases where altered passive eruption makes a normal-sized tooth appear small..</p>

<p>The frenum attachment can also affect the upper-lip shape and the amount of tooth exposure. In such cases, especially where the attachment is broad, a frenectomy that is dissected out from origin to insertion, removing the elastic fibers, can also free up the lip for normal lip movement. This can also be useful when a redundant flap of tissue,called as a &ldquo;lip curtain&rdquo; (Fig.C, is visible hanging beneath the upper lip when smiling.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/3652a9e8.JPG" style="height:171px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>Fig. C. A broad attachment of frenum creates second band of tissue, a &ldquo;lip curtain,&rdquo; below the lip.</p>

<h2>INCISAL DISPLAY</h2>

<p>The incisal display refers to the amount of visible tooth displayed when the lips and lower jaw are in the rest position. The average incisal display of the maxillary centrals for males is 1.91 mm and the average for females is 3.40 mm. With age, the amount of incisal display of the maxillary centrals diminishes and the amount of incisal display of the mandibular centrals increases.</p>

<h2>SMILE ZONE</h2>

<p>The inferior border of the upper lip and the superior border of the lower lip form an outline of the space that is revealed when smiling. The space that includes the teeth and tissues is called the smile zone. There are six basic smile-zone shapes: straight, curved, elliptical, bow-shaped, rectangular, and inverted. The first three shapes are the most common.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/37d8c240.JPG" style="height:268px; width:474px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Smile zone shapes.</p>

<h2>Health, symmetry, and architecture of the gingival tissues.</h2>

<p>These tissues frame the teeth and add to the symmetry of the smile. The health and subsequent color and texture of these gingival tissues are paramount for long-term success and the esthetic value of the treatment.Healthy gingival tissues are pale pink and can vary in degree of vascularity, epithelial kertinization, and pigmentation, and in the thickness of the epithelium. The papillary contour should be pointed and should fill the interdental spaces to the contact point. An unfilled interdental space creates an unwanted black interdental triangle in the gingival embrasure and makes a smile less attractive. The architecture has a positive radicular shape forming a scalloped appearance that is symmetric on both sides of the midline. The marginal contour of the gingiva should be sloped coronally to the end in a thin edge. The texture of the tissues should be stippled (orange-peel&ndash;like appearance) in most cases. The stippling may be fine or coarse and the degree of stippling varies. In younger females, the tissue is more finely textured and has a finer stippling when compared with that of males. The tissue should be firm in consistency and the attached part should be firmly anchored to the teeth and underlying alveolar bone. A normal, healthy gingival sulcus should not exceed 3 mm in depth.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/3822897a.JPG" style="height:135px; width:213px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">The black triangle between the central and lateral incisors.</p>

<h2>GUM LINE</h2>

<p>The gingival contours should be symmetric and the marginal gingival tissues of the maxillary anterior teeth should be located along a horizontal line extending from cuspid to cuspid. Ideally, the laterals reach slightly short of that line) . It is also acceptable, although not ideal, to have the gingival height of all six anteriors equal in gingival height on the same plane. In such cases, however, the smile may appear too uniform to be esthetically pleasing. A gingival height of the laterals that is more apical to the centrals and cuspids is considered unattractive.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/396caeb5.JPG" style="height:106px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>The gingival margins of the centrals and cuspids are apical to that of the laterals. This appearance is considered more attractive.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/40161248.JPG" style="height:116px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>Similar gingival heights of the six anterior teeth are acceptable although not considered ideal.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/4165ff40.JPG" style="height:116px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>When the gingival margins of the lateral is apical to that of the centrals, cuspids, or both, the anterior gingival relationship is considered unattractive.</p>

<h2>GINGIVAL ZENITH</h2>

<p>The gingival zenith point is the most apical point of the gingival tissues along the long axis of the tooth. Clinical observations along with a review of diagnostic models reveal that this most apical point is located distal to the long axis on the maxillary centrals and cuspids. The zenith point of the maxillary laterals and the mandibular incisors is coincident with the long axis of these teeth..</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/42c23e6a.JPG" style="height:94px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>. Gingival shape, zenith point (arrow), and longitudinal axis (dotted lines).of upper anterior teeth</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/434d47f2.JPG" style="height:188px; width:285px" /></p>

<p>Gingival shape of maxillary laterals (upper curved lines) and mandibular incisors (lower curved lines)..</p>

<h2>SMILE LINE</h2>

<p>The smile line can be defined as an imaginary line drawn along the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth. In an ideal tooth arrangement, that line should coincide or follow the curvature of the lower lip while smiling. Another frame of reference suggests that the centrals are slightly longer than the cuspids. In a reverse smile line, the centrals appear shorter than the cuspids along the incisal plane and create an aged or worn appearance.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/4463eda1.JPG" style="height:136px; width:269px" /></p>

<p>Ideal smile line.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/455bb915.JPG" style="height:137px; width:269px" /></p>

<p>Reverse smile line.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>POSITION, SHAPE and SIZE of ARCHES</h2>

<p>The position and size of one jaw in relation to the other may determine tooth placement, tooth size and factors such as space management with use of overlapping or diastema. The shape of arches can be square, square tapering, tapering and ovoid.</p>

<p>The square arch form gives a broad, straight line smile from cuspid to cuspid. There tends to be very little overlapping, crowding or labial tipping.</p>

<p>The tapering arch is narrow from cuspid to cuspid with the centrals being quite anterior to the cuspids. A decrease in space usually means there is considerable overlapping and crowding.</p>

<p>The square tapering arch combines both square and tapering arch characteristics. There is little crowding and overlapping of teeth. The incisors show their full labial surfaces but the cuspids tend to have more distal rotation sometimes referred to as turning the corner.</p>

<p>The ovoid arch resembles the tapering arch form but is wider from cuspid to cuspid forming an arc around the ridge.</p>

<p>The arch can vary in the anterior section or posterior areas separately. Factors such as tongue thrust or crossbite can influence development.</p>

<h2>GENERAL SIZE OF TEETH</h2>

<p><br />
Tooth size is relative to face size and other teeth. Visual inspection and a rule of individual teeth being one sixteenth the dimensions of the face is a good starting point.</p>

<h2>SIZE OF UPPER INCISOR AND INCISAL DISPLAY</h2>

<p>Average height from the cementoenamel margin to the incisal edge is 10.5 mm. According to Dr. G.V. Black the average height of a maxillary central was noted as 10 mm with the greatest being 12 mm and the least being 8 mm. Another text records the crown height of a maxillary unworn central incisor ranging from 11 to 13 mm with the average height being 12 mm.</p>

<p>For esthetic purposes, the height of the central incisors can vary depending upon the incisal display and the influence of the smile line. Other guidelines for determining the dimensions of the maxillary central incisors include the following:</p>

<p>Central incisor length is approximately one sixteenth of the facial height.</p>

<p>The ratio of width to height is 4:5 or 0.8:1. In general, the accepted range for the width of the central is 75% to 80% of the height.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/46bd47a6.JPG" style="height:154px; width:229px" /></p>

<h2 style="text-align:center">Proportion of centrals.</h2>

<p>The centrals are most likely too long if they interfere or impinge on the lower lip causing dimpling or entrapment during the formation of the &ldquo;F&rdquo; and &ldquo;V&rdquo; sounds.</p>

<p>The length of the incisors can also be evaluated using the occlusion. The central is most likely too short or positioned wrong if it is short of a line drawn from the mesial buccal cusp tip of the maxillary first molar and the cusp tip of the cuspid.</p>

<h2>PROPORTION OF TEETH</h2>

<p>The relative proportions of the maxillary six anterior teeth to each other is another analytical consideration. Many clinicians accept and apply the principles of the Golden Proportion to dentistry.The Golden Proportion suggests an ideal mathematical proportion of 1:1.618. When applied to dentistry, this relates the apparent widths of the maxillary six anterior teeth from a frontal view. The discrepancy between the apparent width and actual width is explained by the positioning of these teeth along the curve of the maxillary arch..</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/47a5bf10.JPG" style="height:127px; width:285px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Golden Proportion.</p>

<h2>MID LINE</h2>

<p>The midline refers to a vertical line formed by the contact of the maxillary central incisors. The midline should be perpendicular to the incisal plane and parallel or coincident to the midline of the face. Studies have shown that minor discrepancies between facial and dental midlines are acceptable and that in many cases these discrepancies are not noticeable. A canted midline, however, is a more perceptible deviation from the norm and should be avoided.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/485004ba.JPG" style="height:170px; width:313px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Midline (vertical dotted line).</p>

<p>Several anatomical landmarks can be useful guides to assess the midline of the face as it relates to dental midline. They include the midline of the nose, forehead, interpupillary plane, philtrum, and chin. Some anatomical landmarks may vary in midline accuracy due to variations in genetic structure, such as chin position and the cartilaginous structure of the nose. The philtrum of the lip is considered to be one of the most accurate of these anatomical guideposts as it is always in the center of the face. The exceptions are surgical, accident, and cleft-lip cases. The center of the philtrum is the center of Cupid&#39;s bow and it matches the papilla between the centrals. This places the central papilla directly over the dental midline.</p>

<h2>AXIAL INCLINATION</h2>

<p>From a frontal view, the axial inclination of the anterior teeth tends to incline mesially toward the midline and become more pronounced from the central incisors to the canines. This inclination is least noticeable with the centrals and becomes more pronounced with the laterals and even more so with the canines. The axial inclination of the posterior teeth from the frontal view exhibits the same mesial inclination toward the midline as the cuspid. This also creates a natural visual gradation, making the teeth appear to diminish in size as they progress posteriorly.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/4933fbc1.JPG" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/4933fbc1.JPG" style="height:165px; width:285px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Axial inclination (vertical solid lines).</p>

<h2>BUCCAL CORRIDOR</h2>

<p>The area between the corners of the mouth during smile formation and the buccal surfaces of the maxillary teeth (particularly the bicuspids and molars) form a space known as the buccal corridor. The greater and more pronounced this negative space becomes, the more these posterior teeth are concealed, restricting the full breadth of the smile. A full and symmetric buccal corridor is an important element of an esthetic smile. The buccal corridor should not be completely eliminated because a hint of negative space imparts a suggestion of depth to the smile.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/50a717e5.JPG" style="height:165px; width:285px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">A dark buccal corridor exists because of the relationship of the anterior teeth with the posterior segments.</p>

<p>Several factors influence the appearance of the buccal corridor. These factors include the width of the smile and the maxillary arch. Other factors include the tonicity of facial muscles and individual smiling characteristics; the position of the labial surfaces of the maxillary bicuspids; the predominance of the cuspids, particularly at the distal facial line angle; and any discrepancy between the value of the bicuspids and the six anterior teeth. This negative space is often accentuated when smile rejuvenation is limited to the maxillary six anterior teeth and the hue and value of newly restored teeth do not blend with the untreated teeth The result is an unwanted exaggeration of the sense of depth, darkness, and the prominence of the buccal corridor.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/51bf3135.JPG" style="height:252px; width:203px" /></p>

<p>(A) Shadowing effect of the buccal corridor in the posterior segment (B) Properly treated buccal corridor demonstrates uniformity in color and alignment of the anterior segment with the posterior teeth in the smile zone.</p>

<h2>ANATOMY OF TEETH</h2>

<p>The anatomy of the anterior teeth plays an important role in a natural appearance and the individuality and personality of a smile. Some anterior teeth are flat and some are convex. Some have a square appearance while others have a fan-shaped appearance. These and other distinctive contours give each patient&#39;s smile individuality. The labial contour of these teeth should exhibit three planes when viewed from a lateral profile and. The surface texture can also add personality to the appearance of the teeth. All of these factors should be considered when restoring teeth in this area.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/5221c03c.JPG" style="height:229px; width:158px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Labial contour, three planes (cross-sectional view) (lines perpendicular to arrows).</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/53810336.JPG" style="height:135px; width:213px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Labial contour (lateral view)</p>

<h2>INCISAL EMBRASURE AND CONTACT POINTS</h2>

<p>With ideal anatomy and alignment of these six teeth, an open space is formed between the proximal surfaces of incisal edges from the contact points. This area is called an incisal embrasure. These embrasure spaces terminate at the contact points with the adjacent teeth. The contact areas of both centrals are located at the incisal third of the crowns. Therefore, the incisal embrasure space between the centrals is slight. The contact point between the central and lateral incisor approaches the junction of the middle and incisal thirds of each crown, making it slightly deeper than the junction between the centrals. The contact point of the lateral incisor and the cuspid is approximately at the middle third. Therefore, the incisal embrasure spaces of the anterior teeth display a natural and progressive increase in depth from the central to the cuspid.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/542a705d.JPG" style="height:153px; width:229px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Incisal embrasures (arrows). Size increases progressively from the central to the cuspid.</p>

<h2>LINE ANGLES</h2>

<p>Line angles are defined as the transition from one surface to another. Altering the degree of curvature and placement of line angles can change perception of tooth width and length. Line angles closer to the midline result in a shorter incisal edge, a smaller tooth face and larger embrasures. The teeth look smaller.</p>

<h2>HEIGHT OF CONTOUR</h2>

<p>Height of contour is established by the contour of teeth. Knowledge of dental anatomy is required to evaluate where is should be.</p>

<h2>SURFACE TEXTURE</h2>

<p>The surface of teeth is textured or smooth. It determines light reflection and blending into other teeth. Placement of lines as developmental grooves or craze lines and dimples can affect perceptions of width and length and alter light reflection patterns. Concave lines that run gingival to incisal increase perception of tooth height while lines that run mesial distal alter perception of tooth width.</p>

<h2>TOOTH SHADE</h2>

<h2 style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/550c50b4.JPG" style="height:113px; width:192px" /></h2>

<p style="text-align:center">Tooth shade</p>

<p>When designing your new smile it is possible to change the shade (colour), of your teeth. Teeth are not pure white, they possess a range of colours and translucencies. A tooth may be divided into three regions:</p>

<p>1. The cervical third should be more yellow in appearance, even in bright white smiles.</p>

<p>2. The middle third or body of the tooth will be the prominent shade, generally less yellow and brighter in appearance.</p>

<p>3. The incisal third possesses varying degrees of translucency and may appear a little blue or grey.</p>

<p>The most attractive smiles incorporate all these features, without which teeth look artificial.</p>

<h2><a id="BEFORE" name="BEFORE"></a>BEFORE &amp; AFTER PHOTOGRAPHS</h2>

<p>Case 1: Patient had mid line diastema, Disproportion upper anteriors, a new smile was given using eight ceramic veneers</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/56e2d0a5.JPG" style="height:129px; width:254px" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/57ee630a.JPG" style="height:129px; width:254px" /></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Case 2: Patient had many existing discolored dental restorations, dark stained teeth, Broken and attired teeth, which were treated with 28 Ceramic Crowns and Veneers</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/5821ecb3.JPG" style="height:135px; width:254px" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/592cf034.JPG" style="height:135px; width:254px" /></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Case 3: Patient had worn all his teeth down ,which were restored back to ideal form in a new esthetic and balanced position ,with all ceramic crowns and veneers.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/606f7d80.JPG" style="height:97px; width:264px" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/6104f5bf.JPG" style="height:98px; width:266px" /></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Case 4: Patient had some gum recession and dark space between her front 2 teeth, which were restored with 8 veneers to create a beautiful smile</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/620cfcd3.JPG" style="height:119px; width:255px" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/63ecf9e1.JPG" style="height:119px; width:256px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">&nbsp;</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'ylads',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is a "smile design"?

</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>A smile design is a dental procedure which artistically creates straighter, whiter and beautiful natural looking smiles. Smile designs can do wonders to fully restore your dental health and appearance regardless of the original state of your existing teeth.

</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> Benefits of a smile design.

</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>A smile designer revitalizes your smile in a longer lasting way than Botox or other temporary measures. A smile design is an overall important investment in your overall appearance.
Age decreases our smile due to wear, chipping and discoloration. This can happen gradually and can be very embarrassing. Smile enhancement can get you smiling again.

</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Customizing a Smile Design Plan

</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Dr. Gupta will work with you to customize and plan your smile design. A free consultation is arranged to make sure you achieve your cosmetic dental goals and to resolve your underlying dental problems.
The timeline is planned so as to minimize the number of appointments and to make sure your smile is completed in time for your special social function (wedding, engagement, wedding anniversary, graduation, etc.).
All other dental diseases are treated first including dental hygiene visit.
Patients are encouraged to bring with them photos of when they were younger or photos of their favorite smile from actors and actresses.
The LVI smile catalogue is used to discuss with the patient the arrangement of teeth, their choices in tooth position and what effect this has on their overall appearance.Â 
A plan is in place before any teeth are prepared.
No two cases are alike. Dr. Gupta creates a customized smile especially for you.

</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Commonly combined treatments

</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Some smile designs only require Porcelain Veneers
Other smile designs will require a combination of Porcelain Veneers and Porcelain Crowns. Porcelain crowns are chosen when teeth are weak such as endodontically treated teeth or teeth will large old restorations (like large old crowns).
Sometimes teeth are missing in the smile zone. This then required either a porcelain bridge with an ovate pontic or an implant with a Porcelain crown.
Multiple missing anterior teeth may require multiple implants or an implant supported denture to make the completed smile designs.
If too much gum tissue is showing or the gums are uneven when the individual smiles, then a "gum lift" is done with lasers to reduce the amount of gum showing.
If only a few teeth are veneered, then the other teeth are whitened before the smileÂ design is completed. This makes sure that the smile is enhanced and brightened.

</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Who is a candidate for a Smile Design?


</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>An individual that wants to look younger. A smile design can take years off of your appearance.
An individual that wants to have more confidence when they smile.
An individual that cares how they look and wants to make an investment into their dental health
An individual that wants to be more appealing to members of the opposite sex. It is a known fact that 96% of adults believe that an attractive smile does this (according to a study done by the American Academy of Cosmetic DentistryÂ http://www.aacd.com/surveys).
An individual that wants to improve their chances for career advancement or success. It is a known fact that 74% of adults feel that an enhanced smile will allow for a more successful career (http://www.aacd.com/surveys).
An individual that wants to be noticed and appear healthier.
An individual that takes care of their teeth with regular dental checkups and good dental hygiene.
Anyone that wants to invest in their dental health and in their overall future.
</p>
</div></section>



</div>
',
			'before_id' => '28'
		)
	),
	(int) 7 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '26',
			'pre_cat' => '21',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Dental Jewellery',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_38_am_Dental Jewellery.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks"><ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#application"> Application Procedure</a></li>
	<li><a href="../../User/faq/26">F.A.Qs</a></li>

</ul>
</div>
<p><strong><em>If you want to add some extra sparkle to your smile and stand out of crowd, think of a new dental style called denal jewellery. This trend is catching up fast amongst all age group, especially the younger generation</em></strong></p>

<h2><a id="Introduction" class="pglnk" name="Introduction"></a>What is Dental Jewel?</h2>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/6447588c.JPG" style="height:300px; width:300px" /></p>

<p>Dental jewel is a special decoration, which can be made of gold, platinum or crystals, but a combination of precious stone and metal is also not unheard of. It can be shaped as the oneâ€™s initials, symbols or whatever that helps express the personality of its owner. Leading jewellery manufacturers have seen the opportunity early enough, so each manufacturer now offers its own collection of dental jewels. It only enhances the demand for these gimcrack ornaments that an increasing number of media stars, popular with the youth, are wearing jewels on their teeth.</p>

<p>Procedure of fixing the jewel on the tooth can only be performed by a qualified dentist â€“ do not try it at home! â€“ who places the chosen jewel on a properly cleansed tooth with a harmless adhesive. The process nowadays takes three to five minutes, with no drilling or any pain, and requires no special preparations. However, it is recommended to have the teeth whitened prior to getting a dental jewel, as the shiny little ornament will only look good on impeccably white teeth.</p>

<p>Once the owner is bored with the jewel, it can be removed or replaced at any time. Dental jewels do not hinder eating, drinking and brushing and it gives its owner an attractive look.</p>

<p>Tooth jewels come in many shapes and stones. There are gold and white gold jewels with designs such as, stars, hearts, motor cycles, crosses, golf balls, butterflyâ€™s, etc. Jewels come in many colors including, amethyst, blue, pink, white, and red.</p>

<h2><a id="application" class="pglnk" name="application"></a>Application Procedure</h2>

<p>The application of dental jewel is completely painless and does not require any anesthesia.</p>

<p>After a-perfect mouth hygiene, the jewel is stuck on the tooth with an adhesive substance, similar to the substance used to fix the retainer. This process does not damage the enamel, which is a big advantage.</p>

<p>After the application you will probably need few hours to get used to the small jewel in the mouth. The doctor provides you with all instructions concerning the care of dental jewels. Most important is perfect mouth hygiene.</p>

<p>The dental jewel can last a relatively long time, it is however limited by the stress put on the decorated tooth and dental care. If the jewel gets loose unexpectedly, it is possible to reattach it without consequences.</p>

<p>At our centre we offer dental jewellery made of crystals called Skyce. The skyce is available in two sizes and two colors. It is made of crystal glass and is available in "crystal" and "sapphire blue", and 1.8 mm or 2.5 mm in diameter. Skyce is made under control of a-computer automatic machinery and doesn't lose glitter with the lapse of time. The surface contacting with your teeth, is processed in special way in order to achieve strong and long lasting adhesive fixing.</p>

<p>Sticking of Skyce is absolutely harmless procedure for your teeth. It can be placed on a surface of your tooth without defection of an-integrity of enamel what means without any preparation. It can be fixed on a place of an injured enamel, pigmented spot, mixture of a photopolymeric fillings and so on. The procedure is absolutely painless and takes only 10-20 minutes. As it has no sharp edges, it does not hurt your lips. If you want to take it off in the future, it can be done very quickly, without pain and disturbance of integrity of your tooth. Taking care of Skyce is nothing more than regular brushing. It is your chance to combine between beauty and health in one harmless process!</p>




 ',
			'my_token' => 'ztz81',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => ' <div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Am I a suitable candidate for application of a dental jewel?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>If you desire to endow your smile with a jewel and the teeth to which the jewel should be attached are healthy, you can be a suitable candidate for this treatment.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Does the procedure require any anesthesia?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The application of dental jewel is completely painless and does not require any anesthesia.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Does the jewel impede brushing?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>No, the presence of the gem will not make any difference regarding dental hygiene. However, it is recommended not to use an electric tooth brush for the first 24 hours after the jewel has been attached.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is it possible to remove the jewel?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The dental jewel is attached to the tooth with a substance, which does not damage the enamel, it is therefore possible to remove it or change it without consequences.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long does the dental jewel last?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The dental jewel can last a relatively long time, it is however limited by the stress put on the decorated tooth and dental care. If the jewel gets loose unexpectedly, it is possible to reattach it without consequences.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I feel the jewel on my tooth?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>These jewels are only 0.4mm or 0.9mm thick and 1.8mm to 3mm in diameter. Initially something on your tooth will feel different, but a few days after the application you will get used to the new feeling.</p>
</div>
</section>


</div>  ',
			'before_id' => '26'
		)
	),
	(int) 8 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '27',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Implants',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_23_am_Implants.png',
			'description' => '<h3>A beautiful smile - the best make-up you can wear &rdquo;</h3>

<ul>
	<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#dental">Dental Implants.....The Natural Solution</a></li>
	<li><a href="#benefit">Benefits of Implants</a></li>
	<li><a href="#types">What Are The Types of Dental Implants?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#bones">Bone Grafting</a></li>
	<li><a href="#placement">The Implant Placement Procedure</a></li>
	<li><a href="#cases">The Dental Implant Case Types</a></li>
	<li><a href="#function">Immediate Function Implants</a></li>
	<li><a href="#mini">Mini Implants</a></li>
	<li><a href="#extraction">Immediate Post Extraction Implants</a></li>
	<li><a href="#candidate">Are You A Candidate For Dental Implants?</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/27">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/38">Before &amp; After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<div class="space">&nbsp;</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2><a class="pglnk" name="introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>There is a certain feeling each of us has when we look into the mirror and feel really confident about our appearance. It &quot;sets the mood&quot; for our day or social function. Simply stated, our personal confidence can dramatically affect our lives.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/65836775.png" style="height:324px; width:239px" />&nbsp;</p>

<p>Unfortunately, missing teeth, medically known as edentulism, keeps many people from &quot;feeling their best&quot;. Edentulism not only effects your self confidence, but also has a dramatic impact on the quality of your life.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>Edentulism may limit your choice of foods and therefore your nutrition and general health.</li>
	<li>Edentulism can make you feel isolated either socially or on the job.</li>
	<li>Edentulism can effect relationships with loved ones.</li>
	<li>If not treated, partial edentulism, that is missing some of your teeth, can place stress on the remaining teeth requiring them to &quot;do more work&quot;. This can lead to further tooth loss.</li>
	<li>Edentulism also leads to bone loss making the &quot;fitting&rsquo; of traditional dentures difficult or impossible.</li>
</ul>

<p>For years the best solutions for missing teeth were bridges, removable partial or full dentures.</p>

<p>Partial Dentures: When several teeth are missing, a removable partial denture may provide the support needed to fill in the spaces. Partial dentures usually attach to natural teeth with unsightly clasps and hooks. These very obvious attachments can cause undue stress on the existing natural teeth and promote tooth decay.</p>

<p>Full Dentures:Some people can wear full dentures without fit problems, but it is not uncommon for a denture wearer to live with pain and irritation of the gums or have difficulty eating or speaking. Many denture wearers are anxious about whether or not their denture is going to slip and cause embarrassment.</p>

<p>Fixed Bridges:Removable teeth, no matter how well made, do not feel or function like natural teeth. Historically fixed bridges came as close as possible to the feel of natural teeth. However, this necessitates &quot;cutting down&quot; and crowning natural healthy teeth to support the bridge.</p>

<p>There&rsquo;s another price to pay for edentulism. When teeth are removed, Mother Nature assumes there is no need for the bone that supported the teeth. After all, that is the primary job of your jawbone. Over time the bone slowly, yet progressively diminishes. In fact the upper and lower jaw bone gets smaller or shrinks. This process, called resorption, occurs at a more rapid rate if all teeth in the jaw are missing. But, it also occurs when just some of the teeth are missing. If left untreated, the loss of jaw bone can progress so far that a denture will no longer stay in place no matter how much sticky adhesive is used.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/6658131b.png" style="height:188px; width:312px" />Loss of bones when teeth are lost</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2><a class="pglnk" name="dental"></a>Dental Implants.....The Natural Solution</h2>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/6793dc46.jpg" style="height:222px; width:222px" />Finally, I can enjoy eating once again </p>

<p>Implants have given me back my confidence<img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/68e12961.jpg" style="height:273px; width:184px" /></p>

<p>For centuries man has endeavoured to find a more natural replacement for missing teeth. Modern, space age materials have allowed that quest to become a reality. Todays dental implant is possible because of these materials combined with years of research and clinical trials. The dental implant is truly the most natural solution for missing teeth.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>But what exactly is a dental implant? There are basically two types of implants. Those that sit on top of the jaw bone, but under the gums and those that fit into the jawbone similar to the root of a natural tooth. Each type offers solid, non-mobile support for replacement teeth which act and feel like natural teeth. Since both types are attached to your jawbone they can provide distinct advantages over traditional methods of replacing missing teeth.</p>

<ul>
  <li>Implants restore proper chewing function and so you can enjoy foods previously too &quot;difficult&quot; to eat. </li>
  <li>You feel confident that your replacement teeth won&rsquo;t move or loosen. </li>
  <li>You regain the closest thing to the look, feel and function of your natural teeth. </li>
  <li>Throw away those gooey adhesives. </li>
  <li>Forget about unsightly partial denture clasps which place damaging pressure on remaining natural teeth. </li>
  <li>Eliminate irritated and painful gums. </li>
  <li>Improve your speech by eliminating or reducing the &quot;fullness&quot; of full or partial dentures. </li>
  <li>Replace missing teeth with the look and feel of natural teeth without having to &quot;cut down&quot; healthy teeth. </li>
  <li>Dental implants help stop the progressive bone loss and shrinkage of your jawbone by &quot;mimicking&quot; the roots of natural teeth.</li>
  <li>Dental implants are clinically proven with a success rate in excess of 90%. </li>

</ul>
<small>Clearly dental implants are one of the finest treatment options dentistry has to offer. With their ability to improve the quality of your life and health it&#39;s easy to understand why they have become the accepted alternative to traditional methods of replacing missing teeth.</small>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3><a class="pglnk" name="benefit"></a>Benefits of Implants</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/690fe661.jpg" style="height:272px; width:256px" /></p>

<p>In almost every instance dental implants are a high quality solution for the missing teeth. In favor of implants, there are many advantages to consider, including:</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Cosmetic</strong> :Dental implants are ideal replacements for missing teeth in your smile. They feel, look and function just like your own teeth. They help preserve bone and facial support and maintain the natural brilliance of a wonderful smile.</p>

<p><strong>Confidence</strong> : Dental implants help restore your confidence to eat and speak again with comfort and without embarrassment. If you have a loose ill-fitting denture, implants provide much needed security from the annoying slippage, and freedom from the ever worrisome sore spots. You&rsquo;ll enjoy not having to worry about lost or broken dentures, or the never-ending hassle of smelly denture adhesives.</p>

<p><strong>Tooth Saving</strong> : Dental implants don&rsquo;t require neighboring teeth for their support and function. The benefit her is that you don&rsquo;t have to depend on or use adjacent teeth, a noteworthy benefit to your long-term oral health!</p>

<p><strong>Function</strong> : Whether you are missing one, many or all of your teeth, imagine being able to chew just about anything &ndash; just like having your own natural teeth! Implants also help support and maintain normal jaw and jaw joint functions</p>

<p><strong>Reliable</strong> : Modern implant solutions not only make for some great smiles and provide for superb function, they are quite comfortable and are very durable. Imagine not having to worry any more about broken teeth or root canals on teeth that are questionable. Because implants are so predictable and durable they are an all around great choice for tooth replacement.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3>What Are The Types of Dental Implants?</h3><a class="pglnk" name="types"></a>

<p>There are many implants available, each designed for a specific function. Most are made of titanium, an inert metal which has been proven to be effective at fusing with living bone, a process known as &quot;Osseo integration&quot;. The cylindrical or screw type implant, called &quot;<strong>root form</strong>&quot;, is similar in shape to the root of a tooth with a surface area designed to promote good attachment to the bone. It is the most widely used design and generally placed where there is plentiful width and depth of jawbone. Where the jawbone is too narrow or short for immediate placement of root form implants the area may be enhanced with<strong> bone grafting</strong> to allow for their placement.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>When the jawbone is too narrow and not a good candidate for bone grafting, a special narrow implant, called &quot; plate form &quot;, can be placed into the bone. In cases of advanced bone loss, the &quot;subperiosteal&quot; implant, may be prescribed. It rests on top of the bone but under the gums.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3>Root Form Implants</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/70d2a846.png" style="height:153px; width:132px" /></p>

<p>The root form implant is the most commonly used implant. It is a screw-type implant shaped like the root of a tooth. This type of implant is used when there is ample width and depth to your jawbone. If your jawbone is too narrow or short for placement of a root form implant, then bone grafting may be needed to allow for placement. After you have received anesthesia, your dentist will expose an area of your jawbone and prepare the bone for the implant. The number of incisions and bone preparations depends on how many implants you need. The implant will be set into place, and then your gums are closed with stitches. It takes three to six months to heal. After you&#39;ve fully healed, your implant is uncovered and an abutment is attached.</p>

<h3>Plate Form and Blade Implants</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/716405d2.png" style="height:104px; width:193px" /><strong><em>Blade implant specifically designed for the back-most portion of the lower jaw</em></strong>.</p>

<p>A plate form implant is used when a patient&#39;s jawbone is too narrow for bone grafting. This type of dental implant can be placed directly into the jawbone. The plate form implant has a flat, long shape that makes it unique and allows it to fit better into a narrow jawbone.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>After you&#39;ve received anesthesia, your cosmetic dentist will expose an area of your jawbone and prepare the bone for the implant. The number of incisions and bone preparations depends on how many implants you need. The implant will be set into place and your gums are closed with stitches. Generally, it takes three to six months to heal, but some plate form implants are immediately ready for restoration without the long healing process.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3>Subperiosteal Implants</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/72ec5b1b.jpg" style="height:128px; width:189px" /><strong><em> Subperiosteal implant for the lower jaw. This particular implant has a whitish-gray hydroxyapatite coating on its bone-contacting portion</em></strong></p>

<p>The subperiosteal implant is a custom-made implant that rests on the top of a patient&#39;s jawbone and under the gums. This type of implant is recommended when there is not enough bone width or height for the root form or plate form implants. The subperiosteal implant is placed through one of two special methods.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The first method of placement involves your dentist making an impression of your jawbone. After you&#39;ve received anesthesia, the dentist exposes your jawbone and takes an impression of it. A dental lab then uses the impression to make a custom-fit implant for your jaw. After your custom-fit implant is created, your dentist exposes the jawbone again to set the implant in place. Your gums are then closed with stitches and replacement teeth are installed.</p>

<p>The second method of placement requires a CAT (computerized axial tomography) scan of your jawbone. Through computer modeling techniques, a model of your jawbone is made from the CAT scan information. After a dental lab creates your custom-fit subperiosteal implant, your dentist exposes your jawbone and places the implant. The gums are then closed with stitches and replacement teeth are installed.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2>B<a class="pglnk" name="bone"></a>one Grafting</h2>

<p>Sometimes, when resorption has excessively reduced the jawbone, it can be rebuilt through modern bone grafting techniques. Bone grafts can build up or fill in jawbone defects allowing the placement of dental implants. These techniques represent one of the greatest advances in modern dentistry.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>There are generally four types of bone grafts used:</p>

<ul>
  <li><strong>Autografts</strong> are those where the bone to be grafted to the jaw is taken, or harvested, from your own body. The area where the bone is harvested from, known as the donor site, is usually the mouth or the hip. This is your own bone and is very compatible with your body. Autografts are generally the best graft technique and usually result in the greatest regeneration of missing jawbone.<br>
    <br>
    </li>
  <li><strong>Allografts</strong> are taken from human donors. Many countries have donor programs where you can specify that in the event of your death, parts may be harvested from your body to save or improve the life of others. Heart transplants are one type of allograft. This can represent one of the greatest &quot;gifts&quot; you can ever give. Bone obtained in this mannor undergoes rigorous tests and sterilization. Your body &quot;converts&quot; the donor bone into your natural bone, thereby rebuilding your resorbed jawbone.<br>
    <br>
    </li>
  <li><strong>Xenografts</strong> are harvested from animals. The animal bone, most commonly bovine (cow), is specially processed to make it biocompatible and sterile. It acts like a &quot;filler&quot; which in time your body will replace with natural bone. After this replacement process is complete dental implants may be placed to support teeth.<br>
    <br>
  </li>
  <li><strong>Alloplastic</strong> grafts are inert, man made synthetic materials. The modern artificial joint replacement procedure uses metal alloplastic grafts. For bone replacement a man made material that mimics natural bone is used. Most often this a form of calcium phosphate. Depending on how it is made, it may be &quot;resorbable&quot; or &quot;non-resorbable&quot;. That is, your body may or may not replace the alloplastic graft with your natural bone. In those cases where it is not replaced it acts as a lattice or scaffold upon which natural bone is built. In either case, the end result is to create enough bone for the placement of dental implants.</li>
</ul>

<p>Modern bone grafting techniques can be nothing short of a miracle for those needing bone replacements. Should your doctor recommend this treatment you will be given further information on the type, location and amount of graft needed.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2>The Implant Placement Procedure</h2>
<h3>The Two-Stage Procedure </h3>
<a class="pglnk" name="placement"></a>

<p>The Two-Stage Procedure First Stage : Surgical placement (can be done with a local anaesthetic) Second Stage : Uncovering of the implant</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/73936eb1.jpg" style="height:355px; width:239px" /> <em><strong>Step 1 The implant is screwed or tapped into a surgically prepared site. The gum tissue is closed over the implant.</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/74c9930b.jpg" style="height:236px; width:263px" /><strong><em>Step 2 The implant remains under the gum for 3 to 6 months. The patient continues to wear their denture during this period.</em></strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/7515e301.jpg" style="height:351px; width:263px" /><strong><em>Step 3 (3 to 6 months later) The implant is exposed by removing a small amount of gum tissue. An insert can be screwed down into the implant</em></strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/76f72309.jpg" style="height:213px; width:263px" /><strong><em>Step 4 The secured insert can accommodate various attachments upon which overdentures, bars, crowns, or bridges.</em></strong></p>
The One - Stage Procedure In step 2, the implant, which is placed, has an additional component which protrudes through the gum tissue. This extension of the implant then does not become covered over during the healing phase. Step 3 (above) is therefore not needed. Step 4 is readily achieved (3-6 months later) by unscrewing the additional component which was placed at the surgery and replacing it with the type of insert that is needed for your case..

<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3>The Dental Implant Case Types</h3><a class="pglnk" name="case"></a>

<p>These different case types are defined by whether all or only some teeth are missing, and also by the type of replacement teeth to be built upon the implants</p>

<p>1.Where all of the teeth in an upper or lower arch are missing - called completely edentulous.</p>

<ol type="a">
	<li>The Ball-and-Socket Removable Overdenture.</li>
	<li>The Bar-Retained Removable Overdenture.</li>
	<li>The Screwed-in Fixed Bridge.</li>
	<li>The Cemented Fixed Bridge.</li>
</ol>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/779b6697.jpg" style="height:173px; width:264px" /></p>

<p>2. Where only some of the natural teeth are missing - partially edentulous.</p>

<ol type="a">
	<li>The Fixed Bridge - cemented or screwed-in.</li>
	<li>The Single Tooth Replacement.</li>
</ol>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/78827da4.jpg" style="height:164px; width:264px" /></p>

<h3>1. Where all of the teeth in an upper or lower jaw are missing - completely edentulous</h3>

<p><strong>The Ball-and-Socket Removable Overdenture </strong></p>
<ol type="a">
  <li>May require 2-4 implants depending on the amount and quality of bone present. </li>
  <li>This may be the simplest way to replace an ill-fitting denture. </li>
  <li>This type of overdenture is better suited for the lower jaw instead of the upper jaw. </li>
  <li>The implants have &quot;ball-type&quot; inserts screwed or cemented into them. </li>
  <li>These inserts will then fit into &quot;O-ring&quot; type of recipient sites in the underside of the denture.</li>
</ol>

<p><strong><em>Case a : &nbsp;</em></strong></p>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
  <tr>
    <td><img src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/799e2217.jpg" alt="" width="266" style="height:173px; width:266px" /></td>
    <td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/80e0b644.jpg" style="height:175px; width:261px" /></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Pre Treatment</td>
    <td>Post Treatment</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<p><strong>The Bar-Retained Removable Overdenture </strong></p>
<ul>
  <li>May require 2-6 implants depending on the amount and quality of bone, as well as for which jaw (upper or lower) the overdenture is being planned.</li>
  <li>The bar-retained overdenture is frequently used in the upper jaw if the patient has had a severe gagging problem with a conventional full upper denture.</li>
  <li>When patients have had severe bone resorption from previously wearing a lower denture, a new denture or a ball-and socket supported implant overdenture which rests on the gums may &quot;pinch&quot; the nerve which rests on top of this severely resorbed ridge. The bar-retained overdenture is recommended since the overdenture rests on the bar, not the gum tissue.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><em>Case b :</em></strong></p>

<p>This 48 year old woman has had very sensitive gums under her denture. Her mouth is also &quot;dry&quot; since the medication that she takes reduces the amount of saliva in her mouth.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/812bb554.jpg" style="height:178px; width:266px" /><strong><em>Pre Treatment</em></strong></p>

<p>This view of her lower jaw shows that her ridge is thin and &quot;knife-edged&quot;. This, in combination with her dry mouth, has contributed to her inability to be satisfied with a normal lower denture.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/82f05680.jpg" style="height:167px; width:261px" /><strong><em>The X-Ray Analysis </em></strong></p>

<p>This x-ray shows that 4 implants have been placed as &quot;pairs&quot; on each side of the front of the lower jaw. This &quot;pairing&quot; of the implants leaves room for more retention on the bar in the front of the mouth, as well as back on the sides of the bar. However, there are also reasons in some cases to evenly space the implants instead of &quot;pairing&quot; them.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/83530df3.jpg" style="height:175px; width:261px" /><strong><em>The Completed Case</em></strong></p>

<p>This view of her mouth shows how the bar is secured into the 4 implants by small screws. The bar will then serve to retain the overdentue since the overdenture has small &quot;clips&quot; on its underside. These clips will grasp the bar and provide a very satisfactory retention. A ball-and-socket retention can also be created on this type of a bar.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/848e6568.jpg" style="height:216px; width:293px" /><strong><em>The Underside of the Overdenture</em></strong></p>

<p>Small metal or plastic clips are imbedded into the denture. These clips will attach to the bar. Another option is the use of ball-and-socket type attachments.</p>

<p>The Screwed-in Fixed Bridge - sometimes called the Fixed Detachable Bridge May need 4-8 implants depending on the amount and quality of the bone present. However, in most cases, 4 implants won&#39;t be adequate.</p>

<p>An option for those patients who don&#39;t want anything removable in their mouth. The teeth are built upon a metal base through which screws are inserted and, in turn, secure the teeth into the implants.</p>

<p>The metal base does not come into contact with the gums and sits, like a &quot;platform&quot; above the gums. This &quot;high water line&quot; may be inconvenient for some cases, especially for upper teeth replacements. If this is a concern, the use of crowns, which go over the implants, may be a better, although more costly, option.</p>

<p>Case c :</p>

<p>This 62 year old male has worn upper and lower full dentures for 31 years. His lower denture is unsatisfactory and he doesn&#39;t want any removable implant replacement.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/8589e685.jpg" style="height:173px; width:264px" /> <em><strong>Pre Treatment</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>The upper teeth are pleasing to him and will not need implant replacements. His lower ridge still has enough bone to allow for six implants to be placed between the nerves.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/86fc2adc.jpg" style="height:170px; width:258px" /> <em><strong>The X - Ray Analysis</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>The x-ray shows the six implants as the vertical white screws. The metal base upon which the teeth are built is white and on the horizontal plane.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/87e7be35.jpg" style="height:170px; width:256px" /> <em><strong>The Completed Case</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This view shows the teeth and the pink plastic which looks like the gum tissue. Under the &quot;gums&quot; are the gold &quot;collars&quot; which are connections to the implants which are under the gum tissue. You can notice the space between the underside of the teeth and the patient&#39;s gum tissue.</p>

<h3>d. The Cemented Fixed Bridge </h3>

<p>4-10 implants may be needed. Four implants would not be adequate in most situations. Ten implants, or in some cases even more, may be used when the amount of bone only allows for very short implants.</p>

<p>This type of reconstruction feels more natural to the patient since crowns are placed over the implants. These crowns then support replacement teeth which look and feel just like crowns.</p>

<p>The patient&#39;s ability to clean around the crowns and implants is ideal when considering implant reconstructions in jaws which have no teeth.</p>

<p><strong>Case d :</strong></p>

<p>This 43 year old woman has never been happy with a full lower denture. She is very concerned with her appearance and wants her mouth to look as good as the rest of her.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/88d43a88.jpg" style="height:173px; width:264px" /> <em><strong>Pre Treatment</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This view of her lower jaw shows a ridge which won&#39;t provide much retention for a lower denture. Most lower jaws with no teeth will not create any suction for a lower denture. She has significant bone loss in the back area of the jaw and implants can only be placed in the front of the jaw, between the nerves.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/89b6e3ba.jpg" style="height:167px; width:256px" /> <em><strong>The X - Ray Analysis</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>The x-ray shows that there are 6 implants which appear as the vertical screws. The crowns are built upon the implants and two crowns are extended horizontally from each side of the last implant. These extended crowns are supported.by being connected to the crowns which are cemented onto the implants. These extended crowns are called &quot;cantilevered crowns&quot;.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/904ff8b6.jpg" style="height:167px; width:256px" /> <em><strong>The Completed Case</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This view shows the actual crowns which have been built upon the implants. The appearance and form of the crowns not only look natural, but also allow for easy cleaning around the crowns and the implants. This type of case provides excellent satisfaction for the patient.</p>

<h3>2. Where only some of the natural teeth are missing, implants can replace a removable partial denture. </h3>

<ol>
  <li>The Fixed Bridge - cemented or screwed-in</li>
  <li>The Single Tooth Replacement</li>
</ol>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The determination as to what type of tooth replacement is to be used is made based on the number of teeth missing and from where in the jaw they are missing. Some missing teeth may be replaced without implants if there are strong teeth on both sides of the gap from which teeth are missing. However, if the gap is too long from too many teeth being missing, implants will be needed in order to provide additional support for the replacement teeth. If the missing teeth are at the back of the jaw and there are no teeth at the very back of the jaw upon which a bridge could be built, then implants are the only way that a fixed, non-removable replacement can be constructed.</p>

<h3>The Fixed Bridge - cemented or screwed-in</h3>

<ul>
  <li>May be built upon implants only or in combination with implants and natural teeth providing the support required for the replacement teeth.</li>
  <li>Crowns are built upon the implants, and also on natural teeth if that is the desired treatment plan. These crowns can be attached to the implants by being cemented or screwed into the implants. -- any crowns placed upon natural teeth would be cemented on.</li>
  <li>Oral hygiene procedures around the crowns and implants can be achieved readily. The number of implants used varies depending upon the number of teeth to be replaced.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong><em>Case a :</em></strong></p>

<p>This 47 year old woman has lost most of the back teeth in her lower jaw. She wears a full upper denture with which she is not unhappy. However, she is unhappy with her lower partial denture which she had worn for 22 years.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/912605ee.jpg" style="height:170px; width:242px" /> <em><strong>Pre Treatment</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This view is of the lower jaw just as if we are looking directly down on the six remaining teeth. These are her front six teeth at the bottom of the picture. The missing back teeth would have been vertically above the front teeth as we view this picture. This will be clearer when you see the completed case and see where the replacement teeth go.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/92d4bfdb.jpg" style="height:175px; width:261px" /><strong><em> The X - Ray Analysis</em></strong></p>

<p>This x-ray was taken after the crowns were built upon the implants. There were six implants used and these are seen as the six vertically projecting white screws going down from the white crowns.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/938141f1.jpg" style="height:178px; width:261px" /> <em><strong>The Completed Case</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This is the same view as you had on the &quot;Pre-Treatment&quot; view. You now can see that the missing back teeth have been replaced with crowns that were cemented onto the implants and natural teeth. These crowns could also have been secured to the implants with screws instead of being cemented.</p>

<h3>The single tooth replacement</h3>

<ul>
  <li>May be used to replace front teeth or back teeth.</li>
  <li>Due to the need for pleasing bone cosmetics in the front, the bone quantity and quality at the implant site must be good or bone grafting may need to be considered.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Case b :</strong></p>

<p>This case is of a 16 year old female who has what are described as &quot;congenitally missing lateral incisors&quot;.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/94449dbe.jpg" style="height:181px; width:258px" /> <em><strong>Pre Treatment</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>This view shows the two central incisors and the spaces lateral to these teeth which is where the lateral incisors should have been.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/9712003d.png" style="height:113px; width:250px" /> <em><strong>The X - Ray Analysis</strong></em><strong></strong></p>

<p>The x-ray on the left shows a space between the two teeth (the central incisor and the cuspid) which is where the lateral incisor would have normally been positioned. The x-ray in the middle shows the implant as a white screw which has been expertly placed between the cental incisor and the cuspid. The x-ray on the right shows the implant with the crown cemented upon it.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/95be3853.jpg" style="height:181px; width:261px" /> <em><strong>The Completed Case</strong></em><strong></strong></p>
This view of the same patient shows the two crowns which have been placed on each of the two implants which were surgically placed in the lateral incisor positions. The crowns look natural and have provided the patient with a very pleasing smile.

<p>&nbsp;</p>
 </div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2><a class="pglnk" name="function"></a>Immediate Function Implants</h2>

<p>One of the most attractive benefits of immediate function dental implants is the fact that you can go from having no teeth, to a fully functional set of teeth in only an hour.</p>

<p>There is no healing time required between the surgical and restorative procedures which mean the treatment time is shorter. For these reasons, there is less recovery time and overall greater comfort.</p>

<p>Historically, the placing of dental implants is comprised of two components. First, the surgical procedure takes place where the posts are implanted into the jawbone. Then after a healing time of several months, the prosthetic placement of the denture or dental appliance is attached.</p>

<p>With immediate function dental implants, the posts are precisely placed by computer technology. This sophisticated technology enables the posts to be positioned within the designated sites in such a way that limits the movement of the implant. The dental prosthetic product can then be placed in the same appointment.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2><a class="pglnk" name="mini"></a>Mini Implants</h2>

<p>With the latest technology in dental implantology, Mini Dental Implants may be the answer to your denture problems. Visit your dentist in the morning, have Mini Dental Implants placed in about an hour, then leave the dental office with stable secure dentures attached to your Mini Dental Implants. Imagine eating, speaking and smiling with confidence. Your denture feels secure and is being held firmly in place thanks to Mini Dental Implants. A small miracle in implant dentistry. And all this in about an hour with no cutting of the gums and no stitches to have removed. This unique procedure can be completed in one visit with virtually no discomfort.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h3>Immediate Post Extraction Implants</h3><a class="pglnk" name="extraction"></a>

<p>Immediate post extraction implant placement is very simply, the placement of an implant into a fresh extraction socket. It may or may not be accompanied by augmentative procedures. The approach to the restoration of this implant then throws up three possibilities, one option is to load this implant conventionally after osseo-integration has taken place (delayed loading), the second option is to load it with in two weeks with a restoration that is not under the impact of direct occlusal load (progressive loading). Alternatively you may choose to load this implant within 48 hours, a procedure referred to as immediate loading.</p>

<p>Of course, you may choose not to place an implant immediately after extraction at all and you may opt to place it after complete bone healing. At that point, you would again choose between the same options of immediate loading.</p>

<p>The choice of immediate post Extraction Implant placement.</p>

<p>Immediate implant placement after extraction has become a favoured treatment protocol with many clinicians worldwide. There are many advantages to this protocol, amongst them; shortened treatment time, placement of the implant in sound bundle bone that constitutes the socket wall, placement trajectory guidance by the socket and preservation of bone volume. A decision to place an implant in a fresh extraction socket must only be made if there is an absolute assurance of primary stability. An evaluation of the extracted root will often yield valuable information as to the length and diameter of the implant to be placed. Also important is an assessment of the trajectory of the socket-a malpositioned tooth would have a malposition trajectory often rendering the implant difficult to restore. The presence of infection might predispose the placed implant to failure and it is hence important to evaluate why the tooth is been extracted in the first place. There is also evidence to suggest that use of the right implant design is critical to success, tapered implants with rough surfaces may be more suitable.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12">
<h2><a class="pglnk" name="candidate"></a>Are You A Candidate For Dental Implants?</h2>

<p>Whether you are a young, middle-aged or older adult; whether you need to replace one tooth, several teeth, or all your teeth, there is a dental implant solution for you. With the exception of growing children, dental implants are the solution of choice for people of all ages, even those with the following health concerns:</p>

<p><strong>Existing Medical Conditions.</strong> If you can have routine dental treatment, you can generally have an implant placed. While precautions are advisable for certain conditions, patients with such chronic diseases as high blood pressure and diabetes are usually successful candidates for dental implant treatment.</p>

<p><strong>Gum Disease or Problem Teeth</strong>. Almost all implants placed in patients who have lost their teeth to periodontal disease or decay have been successful.</p>

<p><strong>Currently Wearing Partials or Dentures</strong>. Implants can replace removable bridges or dentures, or they can be used to stabilize and secure the denture, making it much more comfortable.</p>

<p><strong>Smokers</strong>. Although smoking lowers the success rate of implants, it doesn&#39;t eliminate the possibility of getting them.</p>

<p><strong>Bone Loss.</strong> Bone loss is not uncommon for people who have lost teeth or had periodontal disease. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are trained and experienced in grafting bone to safely and permanently secure the implant.</p>

<p>Implant tooth replacement in children is usually deferred until their jaw growth is complete. There are, however, some instances when a dental implant may be appropriate, such as when it is part of the child&#39;s orthodontic treatment plan. Your family dentist or orthodontist can guide you in this instance.</p>


</div>
',
			'my_token' => '0yyol',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '  <div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Are implants always successful?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Modern implant techniques have been in use since the 1950's. Improvements in procedures and materials have given implants a ten year average success rate of 93 percent or better. This enviable success rate is improving every year!  </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can failed implants be replaced?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>In the unlikely event an implant fails it can usually be replaced by another. In fact, most patients wouldn't have it any other way!</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is everyone a candidate for implant treatment?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>In general, anyone healthy enough to undergo routine tooth extraction or oral surgery is probably able to receive an implant. There are some health conditions that warrant special consideration. Certain chronic diseases, heavy smoking or alcohol abuse may contraindicate implant treatment. After careful evaluation of your health history, your dentist will alert you to any conditions that may effect your treatment. Remember, age is not a factor.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will others know I have dental implants?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Today's implant treatment enables you to have your new teeth look, feel and function like your own. Even though others will be unaware you have dental implants, many patients are so pleased they tell everyone they know. Dental implants offer some of the finest restorative results possible in modern dentistry.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long does complete treatment take?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Depending of the type of implant and replacement teeth selected, the total time can be as little as a few weeks to six or more months. If bone grafting is necessary, further time may be needed. Your dentist will discuss your options with you and advise you of the time requirements.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will I need to be hospitalized?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Most implant procedures are performed in the dental office under local anesthesia. Although, some patients may desire pre-medication or IV sedation to control apprehension. Hospitalization may be necessary for complex surgical procedures or general health reasons.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is there pain or discomfort?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Many patients report implant surgery less troublesome than having teeth removed. With modern anesthesia and close attention to post operative care you can expect minimal discomfort.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will I be without replacement teeth at any time?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Immediately following surgery you may be instructed not to wear replacement teeth in the surgical area. If required, this period is usually short, and temporary teeth are soon provided so you can quickly "get on" with your life.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How much does implant treatment cost?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The cost of implant treatment depends upon the number and type of implants placed and the type of replacement teeth needed. For example, replacement of a single tooth with implant treatment costs about as much as a dental bridge. The bridge necessitates "cutting down" adjacent teeth for crowns. Implant treatment does not. More complex treatment, such as bone grafting, will add to the cost. The cost can vary in different countries, so it's is best to consult your dentist. The improvement in your self confidence, comfort, eating habits and appearance will make dental implant treatment one of the best investments you've ever made!</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Are implant supported teeth as strong as my natural teeth?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Yes. Research shows that in many cases implants are actually stronger then natural teeth. Compared to removable teeth, studies show implant supported teeth have 100 percent or better chewing efficiency. Dental implants can make it possible for you to enjoy your favourite foods, improve your nutrition and your appearance!</p>
</div>
</section>

</div>       ',
			'before_id' => '38'
		)
	),
	(int) 9 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '28',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '1',
			'title' => 'Dental Inlays and Onlays',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_36_am_Dental Inlays and Onlays.png',
			'description' => '<h3>A beautiful smile - the best make-up you can wear &rdquo;</h3>

<ul>
	<li><a href="#Whatare">What are Dental Inlays and Onlays</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Inlays">Dental Inlays</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Onlays">Dental Onlays</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/28">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Benefits">Benefits of Dental Inlays and Onlays</a></li>
</ul>

<h2>What are Dental Inlays and Onlays</h2>

<p><a id="The" name="The"></a></p>

<p>Inlays and Onlays are indirect dental restorations that reinforce an existing tooth that is too damaged to support a filling, but not damaged enough to require a crown. An inlay is placed on the chewing surface between the bumps (cusps) of a tooth, whereas an onlay covers one or more of the cusps. Inlays and onlays are usually made from porcelain, composite resin, white metal and sometimes even from gold. Because they can be created from tooth-colored materials, inlays and onlays are often used to replace metal fillings for patients who desire a more natural looking smile. Read on to find out about how inlays and onlays may be able to enhance your smile&rsquo;s health and appearance.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Dental Inlays</h2>

<p><a id="Inlays" name="Inlays"></a></p>

<p>Dental inlays are used to treat teeth that have decay or damage lying within their indented top surfaces. They can also be used to replace old or damaged metal fillings. Inlay placement is usually carried out over two appointments. During your first visit to the dentist, an impression of your tooth will be taken, and a temporary inlay will be placed over the tooth. The dentist will send the impression off to a dental lab, which will create the inlay to match your tooth&#39;s specifications. When you return to the dentist&#39;s office, the temporary inlay will be removed and the permanent one will be placed carefully over your tooth.</p>

<p>Since dental inlays and onlays can be made from durable, tooth-colored porcelain, they offer much more enduring and natural-looking results than metal fillings. In addition, their customized nature allows dentists to securely bond them to the tooth surface, adding structural integrity and preventing bacteria from entering and forming cavities.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/9786437f.jpg" style="height:177px; width:173px" /></p>

<h2>Dental Onlays</h2>

<p><a id="Onlays" name="Onlays"></a></p>

<p>Whereas dental inlays are designed to treat decay within the cusps, or top projections, of a tooth, onlays are used to treat decay that extends to one or more of the cusps. Onlays are placed in much the same way as inlays. First, an impression of the decayed tooth is taken, and a temporary onlay is placed over the tooth. The impression is then sent to a lab, where a dental technician creates the onlay according to the tooth&rsquo;s dimensions. When the patient returns to the dentist&#39;s office, the temporary onlay is removed, and the permanent restoration is placed on the tooth and securely bonded using high-strength dental resins.</p>

<p>Like dental inlays, onlays can be created from tooth-colored material, which makes them virtually undetectable to the naked eye. Onlays also help to conserve more tooth structure because their use requires minimal removal a tooth&rsquo;s surface. Perhaps their most important benefit, however, is that, in saving damaged teeth, onlays help patients avoid the eventual need for more extensive treatment with dental crowns, dental bridges, or dental implants.</p>

<h2 style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/991da59e.jpg" style="height:173px; width:173px" /></h2>

<h2>Benefits of Dental Inlays and Onlays</h2>

<p><a id="Benefits" name="Benefits"></a></p>

<p><strong>In treating dental decay, inlays and onlays help to eliminate tooth sensitivity and eventual tooth loss. Inlays and onlays also offer the following benefits:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>Since they can be made from tooth-colored material, including porcelain and composite resin, inlays and onlays are virtually invisible.</li>
	<li>Unlike metal fillings, inlays and onlays will not expand or contract in response to temperature changes caused by hot or cold foods. This change in size can cause teeth to weaken or fracture.</li>
	<li>The use of inlays and onlays requires less tooth reduction than does the use of metal fillings. This allows dentists to conserve more of a patient&rsquo;s natural tooth structure in the treatment process.</li>
	<li>Because of the way inlays and onlays are made, they help to strengthen teeth by up to 75 percent.</li>
	<li>The durable material from which inlays and onlays are made helps them last up to 30 years, much longer than that of conventional fillings.</li>
	<li>Inlays and onlays can replace silver fillings to create a healthier, more natural-looking smile.</li>
	<li>By saving decayed teeth, inlays and onlays prevent the need for more extensive treatment later on.</li>
</ul>
',
			'my_token' => 'hifzk',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are inlays and onlays?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Inlays and onlays are dental restorations for teeth which have developed decay.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is the difference between inlays and onlays?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Inlays are smaller and usually go into the crevices between the cusps (pointed parts) on the biting surface of a tooth. Onlays are larger and can cover multiple cusps, the entire biting surface, and even the sides of a tooth.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do inlays and onlays differ from fillings and crowns?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Inlays and onlays are stronger than fillings, longer lasting, and used for larger areas of decay. Inlays and onlays are smaller than dental crowns, more inexpensive, and require less tooth enamel removal.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Which teeth usually receive inlays and onlays?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Inlays and onlays are often applied to the teeth in the back of your mouth because these teeth have larger biting surfaces, several cusps, and are more vulnerable to tooth decay.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How are inlays and onlays applied to teeth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>After the decay is drilled away from the tooth, your dentist will use a dental putty to make a mold of your tooth. This mold is used to make the inlay or onlay. After the restoration is created, your dentist will check its fit and bond it to the tooth.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long can inlays and onlays last?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Inlays and onlays are made of stronger materials than dental fillings since they are created outside of the mouth. They are so durable, that some inlays and onlays can last up to 30 years.</p>
</div></section>
</div>
',
			'before_id' => '28'
		)
	),
	(int) 10 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '30',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Dental Fillings',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_35_am_Dental Fillings.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#diffrent">Diffrent Types Of Dental Fillings</a></li>
	<li><a href="#amalgam">Amalgam (Silver) Fillings</a></li>
	<li><a href="#composite">Composite Fillings ( Tooth Colored Fillings )</a></li>
	<li><a href="#glass">Glass Lonomer Fillings</a></li>
	<li><a href="#v/s">Amalgam v/s Composite Fillings</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/30">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>A dental filling is a type of restoration used to repair tooth fractures, tooth decay or otherwise damaged surfaces of the teeth to restore anatomy, integrity, function , aesthetics and to prevent further loss of tooth structure. Dental filling materials, which include composite, porcelain and silver amalgam, glass ionomer may be used to even out tooth surfaces for better biting or chewing.</p>

<p>To know more about dental fillings please <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tooth_filling" target="_blank">Click here</a>.</p>

<h3><a id="diffrent" name="diffrent"></a>Diffrent Types Of Dental Fillings</h3>

<ul>
	<li><a href="#amalgam">Amalgam (Silver) Fillings</a></li>
	<li><a href="#composite">Composite Fillings ( Tooth Colored Fillings )</a></li>
	<li><a href="#glass">Glass Lonomer Fillings</a></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="amalgam" name="amalgam"></a>Amalgam (Silver) Fillings</h2>

<p>Amalgam Fillings (Silver Fillings) are used for many decades for dental filling treatment. Nowadays amalgam fillings are becoming less popular because their colour don&#39;t match with teeth and do not look natural. Amalgam Fillings which are popularly known as metal fillings are made with mixture of silver and other metals like copper or zinc, grounded into powdered form. The silver powder is mixed with mercury and placed into the cavity preparation where it is shaped before hardening.</p>

<p>In recent years, the safety of amalgam fillings has come under scrutiny because of the mercury it contains. The absorption of elemental mercury is known to be a contributing factor to several diseases, including Alzheimer&#39;s, multiple sclerosis, dementia and arthritis. However, recent studies have proved amalgam fillings to be perfectly safe. It is true, that mercury vapor is toxic but mercury molecules in hardened amalgam are bound to the silver molecules rendering the level of toxicity harmless.</p>

<p>Photograph Showing Amalgam Filling<img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/99db8616.jpg" style="height:186px; width:244px" /></p>

<p>To know more about silver amalgam fillings <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" target="_blank">Click here</a>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="composite" name="composite"></a>Composite Fillings</h2>

<p>Composite fillings are the newest type of filling in common usage. Composite fillings are also known as white fillings. They are a porcelain/plastic hybrid that is bonded directly to the cavity preparation. Composite fillings were created as an alternative to traditional metal dental fillings. They are colored to look like natural teeth and are more aesthetically pleasing than amalgam or gold fillings. Composite fillings are also strong, durable, and make for a very natural looking smile.<br />
A special dental material is then used to open up the pores of your tooth&#39;s dentin and roughens up the surface of the exposed enamel. This creates a stronger bond between the tooth and the filling. The bond resin is applied to stick the composite to your tooth. This material is made of the same dental resin as the composite however it is much more fluid.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/100ccbece.jpg" style="height:186px; width:493px" /></p>

<p style="text-align:center">Amalgam Filling Changed to Composite Filling</p>

<p>To know more about composite fillings <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dental_composite" target="_blank"> Click here</a></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="glass" name="glass"></a>Glass Lonomer Fillings</h2>

<p><a name="Glass"></a></p>

<p>Glass ionomer fillings form a chemical link with the tooth. They may also release fluoride, which helps to prevent further tooth decay. This type of filling is fairly weak and, because of this, is usually limited to use on baby teeth and non-biting surfaces such as around the necks of the teeth. Little preparation is needed as the filling bonds directly to the tooth. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ionomer_cement" target="_blank">Glass ionomer cement (GIC)</a> is one of a class of materials commonly used in dentistry as filling materials and luting cements. These materials are based on the reaction of silicate glass powder and polyalkeonic acid.</p>

<p>As they bond chemically to dental hard tissues and release fluoride for a relatively long period modern day applications of GICs have expanded. The desirable properties of glass ionomer cements make them useful materials in the restoration of carious lesions in low-stress areas such as smooth-surface and small anterior proximal cavities in primary teeth. Results from clinical studies also support the use of conventional glass ionomer restorations in primary molars</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/101a8a4d7.jpg" style="height:165px; width:203px" /></p>

<p>To know more about glass ionomer fillings <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glass_ionomer_cement" target="_blank"> Click here</a>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="v/s" name="v/s"></a>Amalgam v/s Composite Fillings</h2>

<p><strong>Safety and Appearanc</strong>e: In addition to having a more pleasing and natural tooth-like appearance, composite fillings have the potential advantage of not containing mercury or other metals that may contribute to sensitivity or toxicity. Mercury toxicity from amalgam fillings is a controversial subject, though no research to date has been able to show any risks of having mercury as a component of amalgam dental fillings. However, many patients do have metal sensitivities and some have reported a metal taste after the placement of amalgam fillings.</p>

<p><strong>Durability</strong>: Composite fillings previously were not as durable as amalgams. However, dental manufacturers have made great strides in improving the strength of composite resin materials, to the effect that composite fillings now have the potential to be used for all teeth, including molars. Furthermore, composite materials often require less tooth preparation and may not weaken the affected tooth as much as amalgam fillings, which often require more extensive tooth preparation. However, amalgam fillings do have a long-term track record and may last longer than composite fillings.</p>

<p><strong>Tooth Shaping</strong>: Composite and amalgam fillings require preparation of the affected tooth, but less preparation is usually required for a composite filling. Typically, this means that less healthy tooth structure has to be removed when placing a composite</p>

<p><strong>Technique and Time</strong>: More than amalgam fillings, the success of composite fillings depends on your dentist&#39;s technique and are technique sensitive. Composite filling restoration also requires the use of additional equipment, and the procedure itself requires up to 50% more time than the amalgam filling procedure. These factors contribute to the higher costs associated with composite fillings.</p>

<p>Skill: Most dentists are skilled in composite fillings, but their level of skill may vary. Selecting the appropriate dentist is an important factor in treating tooth decay or similar damage. Ask if your dentist has obtained the kind of post-graduate education that allows dentists to refine their skills in composite restorations.</p>

<p>If you spend some time understanding the differences between the various restorative procedures and the materials used for each, you will be better informed as to the option that works best for you. Consult with your dentist to determine the treatment time, cost, functionality and esthetic value of all available restorative treatments for decayed or damaged teeth.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/102931658.jpg" style="height:257px; width:516px" /></p>
',
			'my_token' => '54g69',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>What is a filling?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>A filling is a synthetic material that your dentist uses to fill a cavity after all of the tooth decay has been removed. Fillings do not generally hurt because your dentist will numb your mouth with an anesthetic. Fillings are made from a variety of different materials, including composites, gold, or ceramic. If you need a filling, be sure to talk to your doctor about what type is best for you and your teeth.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>What Are Fillings Made From?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Fillings come in a wide variety of material: gold, amalgam silver, tooth-colored composites, and glass are
among the most common.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>My tooth doesn&#39;t hurt. Why do I need a filling?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>X-rays are very useful in detecting cavities before they begin to cause pain. Removing decay
 and placing a filling in your tooth when cavities are small means that more healthy tooth structure remains.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>What filling material will my dentist use?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p><ol style="list-style-type:decimal">
	<li><u>Amalgam Fillings</u>: These fillings appear to be silver but actually consist of a mixture of silver, tin, copper and mercury. They are extremely durable and are the least expensive type of fillings.</li>
	<li><u>Composite Fillings</u>: Composite fillings are made with plastic resin and match the shade of your teeth. They are frequently used for front teeth because they blend in with your natural tooth color. Although composite fillings may be more aesthetically pleasing, they&#39;re not as tough as amalgam fillings.</li>
	<li><u>Ionomer Fillings</u>: Ionomer fillings are tooth-colored and consist of a mixture of acrylic acids and glass powders. They&#39;re often used if you have a cavity on a tooth root.</li>
	<li><u>Inlays and onlays</u>: These porcelain fillings are created in a dental lab and are used if a large area of your tooth&#39;s chewing surface must be filled.</li>
	<li><u>Gold fillings</u>: Gold fillings are very strong, but also the most expensive filling option.</li>
</ol></p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Is the mercury in amalgam fillings dangerous?
</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Mercury binds the alloys in dental amalgams together, strengthening your filling. The media has reported extensively on possible health risks related to the mercury content in amalgam fillings in recent years. Fortunately, none of the research studies on the subject have found any evidence that amalgam fillings can damage your health.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How Is a Filling Done?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>When the dentist discovers a cavity, he will deaden the area with an anesthetic. Once the entire area is
numb, he gently scrapes away any bad enamel and uses a drill to get the rest. Then he cleans out the
area to make sure it is free of bacteria. If the nerve is exposed, he will put a covering over it so it does
not cause pain. The tooth is then filled and coated with a coloring agent that closest resembles your
natural tooth color.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What Are Fillings Made From?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Fillings come in a wide variety of material: gold, amalgam silver, tooth-colored composites, and glass are
among the most common.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Will My Insurance Cover the Filling?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Most insurance plans will cover the least expensive choice of fillings. It depends on your particular
insurance provider whether they cover full or part of the payment. Most will cover a part of the
payment. Your dentist should be able to help you find out.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How Long Do Fillings Last?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If cared for properly, a typical filling will last 10-15 years before it needs to be replaced.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will I Be in Pain Afterward?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Normally, your tooth will remain sensitive to heat and cold for about 2 days after the filling. This pain is
normally very mild. You should feel no pain and be back to normal in three days.</p>
</div>
</section>

</div>
',
			'before_id' => '30'
		)
	),
	(int) 11 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '31',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Tooth Extraction',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_54_am_Tooth Extraction.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#What">What Is It ?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#What_It">What It&#39;s Used For ?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Preparation">Preparation</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How">How It&#39;s Done</a> ?</li>
	<li><a href="#Risks">Risks</a></li>
	<li><a href="#When">When to Call an Professiona</a>l</li>
	<li><a href="../faq/31">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Post">Post Extraction Instructions</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="What" name="What"></a>What Is It</h2>

<p>Tooth extraction is the removal of a tooth from its socket in the bone.</p>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/103d692e5.jpg" style="height:170px; width:254px" /></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="What_It" name="What_It"></a>What It&#39;s Used For ?</h2>

<ul>
	<li>If a tooth has been broken or damaged by decay, your dentist will try to fix it with a filling, crown or other treatment. Sometimes, though, there&#39;s too much damage for the tooth to be repaired. This is the most common reason for extracting a tooth.</li>
	<li>If a tooth is excessively mobile due to gum diseases.</li>
	<li>In children when a milk tooth is retained.</li>
	<li>Some people have extra teeth that block other teeth from coming in.</li>
	<li>People getting braces may need teeth extracted to create room for the teeth that are being moved into place.</li>
	<li>People receiving radiation to the head and neck may need to have teeth, in the field of radiation, extracted.</li>
	<li>People receiving cancer drugs may develop infected teeth. These drugs weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infection. Infected teeth may need to be extracted.</li>
	<li>People receiving an organ transplant may need some teeth extracted if the teeth could become sources of infection after the transplant. People with organ transplants have a high risk of infection because they must take drugs that decrease or suppress the immune system.</li>
	<li>Wisdom teeth, also called third molars, are often extracted either before or after they come in. They commonly come in during the late teens or early 20s. These teeth often get stuck in the jaw (impacted) and do not come in. They need to be removed if they are decayed or cause pain. Some wisdom teeth are blocked by other teeth or may not have enough room to come in completely. This can irritate the gum, causing pain and swelling. In this case, the tooth must be removed.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Preparation</h2>

<p><a id="Preparation" name="Preparation"></a></p>

<p>Before we do the extraction we will ask about your medical and dental histories and will take an X-ray of the area to help plan the best way to remove the tooth.</p>

<p>If you are having all of your wisdom teeth removed, you may have a panoramic X-ray. This X-ray takes a picture of all of your teeth at once. It can show several things that help to guide an extraction:</p>

<ul>
	<li>The relationship of your wisdom teeth to your other teeth.</li>
	<li>The upper teeth&#39;s relationship to your sinuses.</li>
	<li>The lower teeth&#39;s relationship to a nerve in the jawbone that gives feeling to your lower jaw, lower teeth, lower lip and chin. This nerve is called the inferior alveolar nerve.</li>
	<li>Any infections, tumors or bone disease that may be present.</li>
</ul>

<p><br />
We may prescribe you the antibiotics before and after surgery. Antibiotics are more likely to be given if:</p>

<ul>
	<li>You have infection at the time of surgery.</li>
	<li>You have a weakened immune system.</li>
	<li>You will have a long surgery.</li>
	<li>You have specific medical condition(s).</li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="How" name="How"></a>How It&#39;s Done ?</h2>

<p>There are two types of extraction</p>

<ul>
	<li>A simple extraction is performed on a tooth that can be seen in the mouth. Most of these can be done using just an injection (a local anesthetic), with or without anti-anxiety drugs. In a simple extraction, the dentist will grasp the tooth with forceps and loosen it by moving the forceps back and forth. Then the tooth will be pulled out. Sometimes the dentist will use a dental &quot;elevator&quot; to help loosen the tooth. This is an instrument that fits between the tooth and the gum.</li>
	<li>A surgical extraction involves teeth that cannot be seen easily in the mouth. They may have broken off at the gum line or they may not have come in yet. To see and remove the tooth, the dentist must cut and pull back the gums. Pulling back the gum &quot;flap&quot; provides access to remove bone and/or a piece of the tooth.</li>
</ul>

<p>Surgical extractions are done with injections (local anesthesia), and you can also have conscious sedation. Patients with special medical conditions and young children may be given general anesthesia. In a surgical extraction, the dentist will need to make a cut (incision) in your gum to reach the tooth. In some cases, the tooth will need to be cut into pieces to be removed.</p>

<p>Here are the types of wisdom teeth, in order from easiest to remove to most complex to remove:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Erupted ( already in the mouth ).</li>
	<li>Soft-tissue impacted ( just under the gum ).</li>
	<li>Partial-bony impacted ( partially stuck in the jaw ).</li>
	<li>Full-bony impacted ( completely stuck in the jaw ).</li>
	<li>Also, if your wisdom teeth are tilted sideways, they can be harder to remove than if they are vertical.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Risks" name="Risks"></a>Risks</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Infection can set in after an extraction, although you probably won&#39;t get an infection if you have a healthy immune system.</li>
	<li>A common complication called a dry socket occurs when a blood clot doesn&#39;t form in the hole or the blood clot breaks off or breaks down too early.</li>
	<li>In a dry socket, the underlying bone is exposed to air and food. This can be very painful and can cause a bad odor or taste. A dry socket needs to be treated with a medicated dressing to stop the pain and encourage the area to heal.</li>
	<li>Accidental damage to teeth near the surgical site, such as fracture of fillings or teeth.<br />
	An incomplete extraction, in which a tooth root remains in the jaw &mdash; Your dentist usually removes the root to prevent infection, but occasionally it is less risky to leave a small root tip in place.</li>
	<li>A fractured jaw caused by the pressure put on the jaw during extraction &mdash; This occurs more often in older people with osteoporosis (thinning) of the jaw.</li>
	<li>A hole in the sinus during removal of an upper back tooth (molar) &mdash; A small hole usually will close up by itself in a few weeks. If not, more surgery may be required.</li>
	<li>Soreness in the jaw muscles and/or jaw joint &mdash; It may be tough for you to open your mouth wide. This can happen because of the injections, keeping your mouth open and/or lots of pushing on your jaw.</li>
	<li>Long--lasting numbness in the lower lip and chin &mdash; This is caused by injury (trauma) to the inferior alveolar nerve during removal of the lower wisdom teeth. Complete healing of the nerve may take three to six months. In rare cases, the numbness may be permanent.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="When" name="When"></a>When to Call an Professional</h2>

<p>Call your dentist or oral surgeon if the swelling gets worse instead of better. Also call if you have fever, chills, redness, trouble swallowing or uncontrolled bleeding in the area. If you have an infection, your dentist usually will prescribe antibiotics. If your tongue, chin or lip feels numb, tell your dentist or oral surgeon.</p>

<p>Also call your dentist or oral surgeon if the area of the extraction site becomes very painful. This is a sign that you may have a dry socket. If the area continues to bleed after the first 24 hours, notify your oral surgeon.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Post" name="Post"></a>Post Extraction Instructions</h2>

<p>These set of instructions to be follow has been provided to you to minimize the potential for any post operative problems.</p>

<h3>Aftercare During The First 24 Hours:-</h3>

<ol>
	<li>A gauze pack has been placed at the extraction site by your dentist. Make sure you bite the gauze firmly in position for at least 45mins.</li>
	<li>Any salivation which occurs during this period should be swallowed and no attempt should be made to spit it out.</li>
	<li>On removing the gauze pack (after the above mentioned time), if bleeding persists, place another gauze pack for an hour. A moistened tea bag is an effective substitute for gauze.</li>
	<li>If no significant bleeding is seen after removing the gauze placed by your dentist, you may eat or drink something cold. Avoid drinking with straw, as they tend to create suction.</li>
	<li>Soft and cold food is preferred on the first day of extraction. Stay away from hot liquids (coffee, soups), as they tend to dissolve the clot. Alcoholic beverages should also be avoided for at least 24hrs.</li>
	<li>Anesthesia may cause numbness of cheek, lips or tongue. Avoid biting these soft tissues till the effect of anesthesia is over.</li>
	<li>Smoking in the first 24hrs may dislodge the blood clot formed at the extraction site and may thus complicate healing.</li>
	<li>Any swelling that does occur can be kept to a minimum by placing ice on your face in the area where the tooth has been removed. Position the ice for 10mins and then leave it off for the next 20mins. Repeat the cycle as per requirement.</li>
	<li>Brushing should be avoided next to the extraction site, although rest of the teeth can be brushed normally. Gentle rinsing with plain water can be done. Use of commercial mouthwashes is not advised unless prescribed by your dentist.</li>
	<li>Medicines should be taken as per instructions.</li>
	<li>Numbness due to anesthesia may be observed for 2 - 6 hrs.</li>
	<li>Avoid strenuous exercise or other such activities for 24hrs after tooth extraction. An extra pillow should be used while you lie down so as to elevate your head.</li>
	<li>Heavy bleeding if seen after first 2hrs of extraction should be informed to your dentist.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Aftercare Instructions After 24 Hours:-</h3>

<ol>
	<li>Resume normal brushing of teeth, although direct brushing of the extraction site should be avoided. Everytime you eat something, rinse your mouth with warm saline water (half teaspoon salt in a cup of water), for 2-3 days from 2nd day of extraction.</li>
	<li>Warm moist towel should be applied over the area of swelling.</li>
	<li>Patient can get back to their normal diet from the 2nd day.</li>
</ol>

<h3>Aftercare After Surgical Extraction:-</h3>

<ol>
	<li>All the above mentioned instructions should be strictly followed in case of surgical extraction.</li>
	<li>Swelling is very common after such extraction and may persist for 3-4 days.</li>
</ol>

<p>If any non-resorbable sutures have been placed, they need to be removed by your dentist after 7days. The process of removing sutures is usually very easy and quite painless.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'fp1b9',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">

<section class="toggle">
<label>When will my tooth need extracting?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>When your tooth is considered to be unrestorable and its useful life has expired, then the decision will be made in conjunction with you, the patient, to extract the tooth.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is tooth extraction painful?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>No, the tooth is put to sleep, using local anaesthetic and all you may experience is a little discomfort..</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Do you provide second opinions?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>As dental professionals, we want you to receive the highest quality treatment that is most appropriate for your specific needs. Especially with larger procedures, sometimes it&#39;s important to get multiple opinions. This process can help you determine what the best treatment options are for your needs, and it helps you find a provider that you really feel comfortable with!</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Why do I need my wisdom teeth out?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Wisdom teeth that are fully erupted and exposed may not have to be removed. However, they are typically hard to reach with a toothbrush and floss, which puts them at a high risk for tooth decay or gum disease.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How much does it cost to extract a tooth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Extractions start from â‚¨.5011.00. The cost will depend on the complexity of the tooth being extracted.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What should I do at home to help the healing process along?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>We will provide you with detailed instructions that are unique to your extraction. Be sure to follow
this guide, andÂ contact usÂ if you have any questions or are uncertain about how to proceed.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will I be able to work after my extraction?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Youâ€™ll definitely want to take the day after your extraction off so that you canÂ relax and heal. There
may also be swelling that makes you look slightly different, or make it slightly harder for you to
speak. You shouldnâ€™t exercise, bend over, or do heavy lifting for the 1-3 days after your surgery.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How should IÂ manage pain?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>For most patients, OTC painkillers are sufficient. We will prescribe you medication if you have a
special case that is more uncomfortable. Take painkillers immediately after your extraction, while
youâ€™re still numb â€“ that way, youâ€™ll have support as the local anesthetic wears off. You should avoid
aspirin, as this can be a blood thinner and prevent your blood from clotting.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will my stitches dissolve on their own?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>That depends on the stitches. We may give you standard sutures, or dissolvable sutures, which will
gradually degrade on their own. If you have to have your stitches removed, donâ€™t get nervous about
that appointment â€“ there wonâ€™t be any pain, just a little bit of pressure and a tugging feeling.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long willÂ I be in pain?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The pain after extraction will be noticeable, but it will only affect your daily life for a few days after
treatment. After the first week of healing, things should be improving. If you find that your
discomfort is growing after week one, you may be experiencing dry socket and shouldÂ get in
touchright away.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I eat and drink?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Youâ€™ll be more comfortable on a liquid/soft foods diet immediately after your oral surgery. Most
patients usually do this for a few days after treatment, until the initial pain has faded. Donâ€™t use
straws, as the sucking motion can pull on your stitches and also cause fresh bleeding.</p>
</div></section>

</div>
',
			'before_id' => '31'
		)
	),
	(int) 12 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '32',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Root Canal Treatment',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_48_am_Root Canal Treatment.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Why">Why Would You Need Root Canal Treatment ?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Signs">Signs and Symptoms</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Length">Length of Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Procedure">Procedure</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Pain">Pain after Root Canal Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Possible">Possible Complications</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Are">Are Root Canal Treatment Safe ?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Top">Top 10 Myths About Root Canal</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Root">Root Canal Alternatives</a></li>
	<li><a href="#The">The Second Time Around : Possible Re-treatment or Surgery</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Restoring">Restoring a Tooth After Root Canal Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/32">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/51">Before and After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>Root canal treatment is one of the most common dental procedures done at our centre. During the last 27 years of our practice we have performed more than ten thousands of root canal treatments and we are proud to say that our success rate has been 99%.In majority of cases, unless the tooth is grossly infected, we prefer to do single visit root canal treatment using rotary instruments, magnification loupes, apex locator.</p>

<p>Root canal treatment is an endodontic procedure where in infected pulpal tissue ( connective tissue including the nerve and fine blood vessels) are removed from the pulp space, which constitute pulp chamber in the center of crown and root canal space in the root of tooth. Root canal is biomechanically prepared and given a shape, disinfected and filled. Pulp nourishes the tooth when it first emerges through the gum. Once the tooth matures, the pulp can be removed without destroying the tooth. That&#39;s because each tooth also is nourished by a blood supply in the gums.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Why" name="Why"></a>Why Would You Need Root Canal Treatment ?</h2>

<p>Root canal treatment is needed for two main reasons. The first is infection. An untreated cavity is a common cause of pulp infection. The decay erodes the enamel and dentin of the tooth until it reaches a root canal. This allows bacteria to infect the pulp. Antibiotics can&#39;t get to infections inside teeth. The inflammation caused by the infection reduces the blood supply to the tooth. The reduced blood supply also keeps the pulp from healing.</p>

<p>The second reason for a root canal is damage to the pulp that can&#39;t be fixed. Trauma or a fractured tooth can damage the pulp. Sometimes, common dental procedures, such as preparing a tooth for a crown, can hurt the pulp. Then the tooth might need a root canal.</p>

<p>When the pulp is inflamed but not infected, it may heal on its own. Your dentist may want see if this will happen before doing root canal treatment. If the pulp remains inflamed, it can be painful and may lead to infection.</p>

<p>An infection in the pulp can spread to the surrounding bone and soft tissue causing swelling and abscess formation ,which can lead to further complications if left untreated.</p>

<p>If root canal treatment is not done, an infected tooth may have to be extracted. It is better to keep your natural teeth if you can. If a tooth is missing, neighboring teeth can drift out of line. They also can be overstressed from chewing. Keeping your natural teeth also helps you to avoid other treatments, such as implants or bridges. Also, if you ignore an infected or injured tooth the infection can spread to other parts of your body.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Signs" name="Signs"></a>Signs and Symptoms</h2>

<ul>
	<li>If you have an infection of the pulp, you may not feel any pain at first. But if it is not treated, the infection will cause pain and swelling. In some cases, an abscess will form.</li>
	<li>Your tooth might need a root canal if:</li>
	<li>It hurts when you bite down on it, touch it or push on it.<br />
	It is sensitive to heat.</li>
	<li>It is sensitive to cold for more than a couple of seconds.</li>
	<li>There is swelling near the tooth.</li>
	<li>It is discolored (whether it hurts or not).</li>
	<li>It is broken.</li>
	<li>Severe tooth pain, typically relieved by cold water and increases with the intake of hot liquids.</li>
	<li>Pain worsens when you lie down and reduces when you sit up.</li>
	<li>Constant tooth pain.</li>
	<li>Tooth pain referred to head and ears as well.<br />
	To determine whether your tooth needs root canal treatment, your dentist will often perform the following tests:</li>
	<li>Hot and cold test.</li>
	<li>X ray of tooth and surrounding bone.</li>
	<li>Electric pulp test.</li>
</ul>

<p>He or she will examine the tissues around the tooth and gently tap on the tooth to test for symptoms.</p>

<p>An electric pulp tester should not be used if you have a cardiac pacemaker or any other electronic life-support device.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Length" name="Length"></a>Length of Treatment</h2>

<p>Root canal treatment can be done in one or more visits. It depends on the situation. An uncomplicated root canal treatment often can be completed in one visit. Some teeth may be more difficult to treat because of where they are in the mouth. Some teeth have more roots than other teeth. Treating a tooth with many roots takes longer. Some teeth have curved root canals that are difficult to find. If you have an infection, you will visit the dentist several times so that he or she can make sure that the infection is gone.</p>

<p>Once the root canal treatment is finished, you will need to see your general dentist to have a crown or filling placed on the tooth. You are likely to receive a crown if the tooth is discolored or if it is used for chewing. The purpose of the crown is to prevent the tooth from breaking in the future.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Procedure" name="Procedure"></a>Procedure</h2>

<p>Root Canal Treatment From Start to Finish</p>

<p>Root Canal 1 Root Canal 2</p>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/10411676f.jpg" style="height:260px; width:270px" /><br />
1. A Deep Infection</h3>

<p>Root canal treatment is needed when an injury or a large cavity hurt the tooth&#39;s root. The root becomes infected or inflamed.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/105c22bb8.jpg" style="height:260px; width:270px" /></h3>

<h3>2. A Route to the Root</h3>

<p>The dentist numbs the tooth. An opening is made through the crown of the tooth to the pulp chamber.<br />
Root Canal 3 Root Canal 4</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1069d34e0.jpg" style="height:320px; width:270px" /><br />
3. Removing the Infected/Inflamed Tissue</h3>

<p>Special files are used to clean the infection and unhealthy pulp out of the canals. Then they shape the canals for the filling material. Irrigation is used to help clean the canals and remove debris.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/107fd0073.jpg" style="height:355px; width:270px" /></h3>

<h3>4. Filling the Canals</h3>

<p>The canals are filled with a permanent material. Typically this is done with a material known as gutta-percha. This helps to keep the canals free of infection or contamination.</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/10871c0b2.jpg" style="height:250px; width:270px" /><br />
5. Rebuilding the Tooth</h3>

<p>A temporary filling material is placed on top of the gutta-percha to seal the opening. The filling remains until the tooth receives a permanent filling or a crown. A crown, sometimes called a cap, looks like a natural tooth. It is placed over the top of the tooth.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1095b0f75.jpg" style="height:250px; width:270px" /></h3>

<h3>6. Extra Support</h3>

<p>In some cases, a post is placed into the root next to the gutta-percha. This gives the crown more support.</p>
</div>
</div>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6"><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/110292b03.jpg" style="height:261px; width:270px" />
<h3>7. The Crowning Touch</h3>

<p>The crown is cemented into place.</p>
</div>
</div>

<h2><a id="Pain" name="Pain"></a>Pain After Root Canal Treatment</h2>

<p>Sometimes, in only about 1% of the cases, there will some pain after root canal or a &lsquo;flare-up&rsquo; of the tooth causing pain and sometimes swelling. This usually happens within the first three days following treatment and is caused by dying bacteria inside the tooth that put off toxins as they expire. If this happens, you may need to be on an antibiotic. Call your dentist and let them advise you what to do.</p>

<p>These days, most dentists and Endodontists prescribe medications to get infection under control before a root canal is performed, although it is not necessary or advisable to wait until all the infection is gone before seeking treatment. While you cannot have root canal treatment if you&rsquo;re severely swollen, an abscessed tooth needs to be treated as soon as possible.</p>

<p>Some dentists will begin treatment by draining the abscess first then scheduling the root canal treatment after the infection has subsided.</p>

<p>Most of the time, however, there is little or no pain after root canal, if done when first indicated. If there was a lot of infection in the tooth before the root canal, there will be healing time required after the procedure and you may experience some pain. This pain can be moderate to severe and last several days, getting a little better each day.</p>

<p>If your tooth hurts when you chew on it, it is still healing and you need to chew on the other side of your mouth until the pain is gone. Some teeth swell in the socket and feel &lsquo;higher&rsquo; than the other teeth, disrupting the healing process. If this happens, call your dentist or Endodontist and get an appointment. They can adjust your bite to prevent this tooth from hitting so hard when you bite.</p>

<p>Some people are surprised when they experience any pain after root canal thinking the nerves are gone. The nerve inside your tooth is gone, but there are still nerves surrounding the outside of your tooth where in enters the gum.</p>

<p>These nerves can be irritated by the procedure or the abscess that caused all your problems to begin with, and can take time to heal.</p>

<p>Teeth that have a fracture can still have sensitivity after a root canal, and should be crowned as soon as your dentist can give you an appointment.</p>

<p>Avoid chewing on the tooth until your dentist has crowned it. Even after crowning, some teeth that have fracture will be sensitive on occasion, much like a healed broken bone is sometimes sensitive. This is normal and nothing to worry about unless the pain or sensitivity gets severe.</p>

<p>A root canal removes the nerve inside your tooth. If you experience sensitivity to hot or cold liquids after your root canal, you may have another tooth involved, as the nerve inside the tooth controls temperature sensations.</p>

<p>Extreme pain (which cannot be controlled by a pain killing medication) after root canal is rare and should be reported to your dentist.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Possible" name="Possible"></a>Possible Complications</h2>

<p>Sometimes, when a root canal is opened for treatment, the oxygen in the air will trigger some bacteria to start growing. This causes swelling and pain.</p>

<p>Blood vessels enter the tooth through a small hole at the bottom of the root. Sometimes during a root canal procedure, bacteria are pushed through this hole into surrounding tissue. If this happens, the surrounding tissue will become inflamed and possibly infected. This can be treated with painkillers and sometimes antibiotics. However, it may be painful until it clears up.</p>

<p>A root canal treatment can puncture the side of the tooth. This can happen if a canal is curved or hard to find. The tools that the dentist uses are flexible. They bend as a canal curves. Sometimes they bend at the wrong time and make a small hole in the side of the tooth. If saliva can get into the hole, it will have to be filled. Sometimes, the tooth has to be removed. If the hole is far enough under the gum that saliva can&#39;t reach it, the hole may close on its own.</p>

<p>Finding root canals can be difficult. If all of the canals aren&#39;t found and cleaned out, the tooth can stay infected. This also can happen if a canal isn&#39;t measured correctly and pieces of infected or inflamed pulp are left near the bottom. In this case, the root canal procedure would have to be done again. Occasionally, root canals have branches that the dentist&#39;s tools can&#39;t reach.</p>

<p>The tip of a file may break off inside the tooth. If the canal is clean, your dentist can leave the piece of file in the tooth. But if canal is not completely cleaned out, the file piece may have to be removed. Sometimes this can be done from the top of the tooth. However, in some cases, the file can only be removed through a surgical procedure called an apicoectomy. A small cut is made in the gum so the dentist can get at the root of the tooth. The dentist shaves off the bottom of the root and gets into the canal from the bottom to remove the file piece.</p>

<p>If your tooth hurts when you chew on it, it is still healing and you need to chew on the other side of your mouth until the pain is gone.</p>

<p>Some teeth swell in the socket and feel &lsquo;higher&rsquo; than the other teeth, disrupting the healing process. If this happens, call your dentist or Endodontist and get an appointment. They can adjust your bite to prevent this tooth from hitting so hard when you bite.</p>

<p>Sometimes, in spite of best efforts, the body does not heal the infection that was inside the bone around the tooth. It is a biologic procedure and is not guaranteed because everyone has differing immune systems and healing capacities. If your tooth does not heal, a re-treatment of the root canal can be performed, where the root canal is tried again.</p>

<p>If a pocket of infection is left in the bone that does not heal, an apicoectomy might be indicated. This is where a surgical procedure is performed and a small incision is made in the gum above the tooth and the infection is removed, the area sterilized and cleaned. The need for an apicoectomy is rare, but the success rate is high.</p>

<p>A root canal removes the nerve inside your tooth. This nerve controls sensitivity to hot or cold. If you experience pain with hot or cold after your root canal, it is impossible for it to involve the root canal tooth, unless a canal was missed. Unfortunately, it may be another tooth that may need root canal.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Are" name="Are"></a>Are Root Canal Treatment Safe ?</h2>

<p>There are people that insist that root canals are not a safe procedure and that no one should ever have one. These people refer to a study done in the early 1900&#39;s of Dr. Weston Price. This study concluded that infected material and bacteria are left in the tooth and continue to infect the body after the root canal is finished, therefore infection remains in the tooth and surrounding jaw bone.</p>

<p>The dental community has been accused of everything from total ignorance of this situation, to deliberately covering up these conclusions.</p>

<p>The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) website, <a href="http://www.aae.org/patients/mythsrootcanal/" target="_blank">http://www.aae.org/patients/mythsrootcanal/</a> has this to say on the subject:</p>

<p>&quot;Root canal treatment is a safe and effective procedure.</p>

<p>Research studies performed in the 1930s and 1940s and those conducted in later years showed no relationship between the presence of endodontically treated teeth and the presence of illness. Instead, researchers found that people with root canal fillings were no more likely to be ill than people without them.</p>

<p>Over the past several years, however, a very small number of dentists and physicians have been claiming that teeth that have received root canal (endodontic) treatment contribute to the occurrence of illness and disease in the body. This claim is based on the outdated research performed by Dr. Weston Price from 1910-1930. His research stated that bacteria trapped in the teeth during root canal treatment can cause almost any type of disease, including arthritis, heart disease, kidney disease, and others.</p>

<p>The presence of bacteria in teeth and mouth has been an accepted fact for many years. But presence of bacteria does not constitute &quot;infection&quot; and is not necessarily a threat to a person&#39;s health. Bacteria are present in the mouth and teeth at all times, even in teeth that have never had a cavity or other trauma.</p>

<p>More recent attempts to copy the research of Dr. Price (and to check its accuracy) have been unsuccessful. Researchers now believe that the earlier findings may have been caused by poor sanitation and imprecise research techniques that were common in the early 1900s.</p>

<p>These more recent studies support the truth we report today&mdash;that teeth that receive proper endodontic treatment do not cause illness.&quot;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Top" name="Top"></a>Top 10 Myths About Root Canal</h2>

<p>People seem to cringe when they hear the words root canal. But reading the truth about these 10 root canal myths can help you get a better sense of what having a root canal really is all about.</p>

<h3>1. Root Canals Hurt</h3>

<p>According to the American Association of Endodontists, the perception of root canals being painful began decades ago when root canal treatments were painful. Today, with modern technology and better anesthetics, root canal treatments are no more painful than having a filling. Knowing what to expect while having a root canal can help ease a lot of anxiety.</p>

<h3>2. Root Canals Require a lot of Visits to the Dentist</h3>

<p>With today&rsquo;s cutting edge technology, most root canals can be performed in one or two office visits.</p>

<h3>3. Crowns Cause Teeth to Need Root Canals</h3>

<p>Many people believe that having a crown on a tooth means that the tooth will eventually need a root canal. Crowns do not cause the need for root canal therapy. If a crowned tooth does require a root canal, it could be that the tooth has abscessed or that decay has gotten underneath the crown and reached the pulp of the tooth.</p>

<h3>4. Root Canals Cause Illness</h3>

<p>There is no evidence to support that root canals cause illness. However, there is evidence to support the fact that people who have had root canals are no more at risk for developing illness than people who have never had root canals.</p>

<h3>5. Root Canals Involve Removing the Roots of the Tooth</h3>

<p>When the dentist or endodontist performs a root canal treatment, he or she remove the pulp from inside of the tooth. The roots of the tooth are not removed.</p>

<h3>6. Pregnant Women Can&#39;t Have Root Canals</h3>

<p>Pregnant women can and do have root canals. Having a root canal does require a small x-ray, but the radiation exposure is very minimal and the x-ray is aimed at the mouth, not the abdomen area. If you are pregnant and your dentist needs to give you an x-ray, he will use a lead apron to cover your belly. The anesthetics that dentists use are also safe for pregnant women.</p>

<p>Be sure to let your dentist know beforehand if you are pregnant.</p>

<h3>7. Even With A Root Canal, The Tooth Will Come Out Eventually</h3>

<p>If you have your tooth properly restored, maintain good oral hygiene and visit your dentist for regular checkups, your natural tooth could last for the rest of your life.</p>

<h3>8. If the Tooth Doesn&#39;t Hurt, There is no Need for a Root Canal</h3>

<p>While a throbbing toothache usually results in the need for root canal treatment, many times a tooth can require root canal treatment when there is no pain present. Dentists and endodontists are specially trained to test a tooth to see if the pulp has been infected or damaged. If this is the case, a root canal would be necessary to save the tooth.</p>

<h3>9. Pulling the Tooth is Better than Getting a Root Canal</h3>

<p>Keeping your natural teeth for as long as possible is very important for proper eating and chewing functions. There are several options available for missing teeth, such as dentures, partial dentures, dental implants and fixed dental bridges, however, these alternatives can be much more expensive than saving your tooth with a root canal treatment.</p>

<h3>10. After Having a Root Canal, My Tooth is Completely Restored</h3>

<p>After having a root canal, it is extremely important to make a follow-up appointment with your dentist to have the tooth permanently restored. After the pulp of the tooth has been removed, the tooth can become very dry and brittle. Having a permanent restoration will help protect your tooth from fracturing.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Root" name="Root"></a>Root Canal Alternatives</h2>

<p>Getting the tooth removed is the only alternative for a tooth that requires root canal therapy. But most times, having the tooth removed is not the best solution.</p>

<p>If you choose to have it removed, adjacent teeth to the missing tooth can shift over time and misalign your bite, possibly developing jaw problems. You won&rsquo;t be able to chew as well which could result in stomach and digestive problems.</p>

<p>Missing front or premolar teeth can be seen when you open your mouth or smile making you unattractive. There are reports of people that could not get a job because of missing teeth that show when they smile.</p>

<p>So what are the root canal alternatives? You have two choices: (1) get the tooth pulled and have a &ldquo; dental bridge&rdquo; installed or (2) have a &quot;dental implant&rdquo; installed.</p>

<p>A crown, sometimes called a &lsquo;cap&rsquo;, is a strong, protective covering for your tooth made to look just like your real tooth. After a root canal, the tooth no longer has a blood supply. Over time it becomes brittle and most dentists recommend a crown afterward to prevent fracturing and loss of the tooth, especially your back or molar teeth which take the most pressure from chewing.</p>

<p>If you choose to have the tooth removed, a dental bridge may be required to complete your bite or to restore your smile. A dental bridge is built by grinding down the two teeth on either side of the space left by the pulled tooth, having crowns made for those two teeth with a fake crown attached in the middle to fill the void left by the pulled tooth. This dental bridge, when installed, fills the area and makes it look like you still have your tooth.</p>

<p>Cleaning of the dental bridge is harder than a natural tooth, since you now have two teeth attached to one another by the fake one in the middle.</p>

<p>A dental bridge is expensive and is charged by how many crowns it contains.</p>

<p>Another root canal alternative is to have the tooth removed and be replaced by a dental implant. A dental implant consist of a dental screw that is placed into the bone at the site of the missing tooth. A fake tooth (a crown) is attached to the screw after the area has healed completely.</p>

<p>This process for a dental implant takes approximately 6 months of healing time to complete. It is also expensive, costing Rs. 30000-40000 depending upon the implant system used. The advantages of a dental implant are that they do not require any grinding down of other teeth (like a bridge does), can be cleaned more easily than a bridge, and is the most like your real tooth.</p>

<p>A root canal and crown for a tooth can be the most economical way to go. If a root canal costs 3000-5000 and was crowned afterward for another Rs.5000-12000, your total would be Rs. 8000-17000, and you would be able to clean around the tooth just like a normal tooth creating much less chance of developing decay in the tooth. (Yes, teeth can still develop decay after having a root canal and crown so cleaning them is still important).</p>

<p>over all, a root canal costs less than a dental bridge or dental implant. You should research the alternatives to make an imformed decision.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="The" name="The"></a>The Second Time Around : Possible Re-treatment or Surgery</h2>

<p>A root canal can fail for several reasons. A tooth can become infected again if your dentist did not completely clean out all of the root canals. Bacteria can get inside a tooth if a filling or crown starts to break down or leak.</p>

<p>A repeat root canal treatment tends to be more involved and take more time than the first one. Your dentist must remove the crown, post and core, and filling material before he or she can do the second root canal. Some people who need another treatment may have infections that are difficult to destroy. Because they take more time and can be complicated, second root canals also usually cost more.</p>

<p>Sometimes a second root canal can be hard to do. For example, it may be too risky to remove a post and core. The post that is in the tooth may be cemented or set in very tightly. If that is the case, the tooth may be injured in the process. So your dentist may decide to do endodontic surgery instead.</p>

<p>This surgery allows the dentist to get inside a tooth&#39;s root from the bottom of the tooth, rather than the top. Your dentist will not touch the crown of the tooth. The retreatment of the root canal will occur through the root.</p>

<p>Endodontic surgery is done in the dentist&#39;s office. First, you will receive a shot to numb the area. Then your dentist will make a small cut in the gum near the tooth. He or she will clean out the infected tissue around the tip (apex) of the root. Then, your endodontist will shave off the tip of the root. This procedure is called an apicoectomy. The endodontist will clean the inside of the canal from the root end, and then put a filling in the end of the root. The cut is then stitched. Endodontic surgery is successful about 95% of the time. If the surgery does not get rid of the infection, the tooth will have to be extracted.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Restoring" name="Restoring"></a>Restoring a Tooth After Root Canal Treatment</h2>

<p>After your tooth&#39;s root canal treatment has been completed your dentist will need to discuss with you what additional dental work will be required so to make the tooth fully functional again.</p>

<p>Different types of restorations that a root canal treated tooth might require varies from simply placing a composite filling in access cavity to core build up and crowning to more complex ones requiring post and core build up and crowning. The type of restoration which your dentist will suggest you depend on the location of tooth in the mouth and the extent of damage to the tooth. Many times a tooth that has required root canal treatment is one that has a big filling or else has large portions missing due to decay or breakage. These teeth, in this state, are not as sturdy as they once were and for this reason it is commonplace that a dentist will recommend that a tooth that has had root canal treatment should be restored with either a dental crown or else a dental crown in combination with a dental post.</p>

<p>The dental restoration that is chosen for rebuilding a tooth that has had root canal treatment provides another function also. It provides a seal protecting the interior of the tooth. This barrier helps to prevent seepage of bacteria and contaminates from the oral cavity into the interior aspects of the tooth (a phenomenon termed &quot;coronal leakage&quot;). Your dentist will need to advise you as to what they think is best for your situation but, in general, the sooner arrangements can be made to have the permanent dental restoration placed (thus creating the best possible seal) the better.</p>

<h3>Placing a post in a tooth that has had root canal treatment.</h3>

<p><br />
A &quot;post&quot; is a rod like structure made up of either metal, or carbon, quartz ,glass fiber or even ceramic. Purpose of putting the post in tooth is to provide a surface around which a core can be built up. Post does not strengthen the remaining tooth structure in any way. There are two ways to put a post and core in a tooth. The post can be pre-fabricated and used with a core material that is built up around it. Or, the post and core can be custom-made in one piece to fit your tooth. This second type often is used in front teeth. It takes two dental visits. During the first visit, your dentist prepares the tooth and takes an impression so the post and core can be made. During the second visit, your dentist cements the post and core to the tooth.</p>

<h3>How does a dentist place a post in a tooth?</h3>

<p><br />
When placing a post a dentist will first use a drill and remove some of the gutta percha filling material that was placed during the tooth&#39;s root canal treatment. They will then cement the post and subsequently place a core of filling material around the post&#39;s upper portion, so to increase the overall amount of structure that will extend up into the crown.</p>

<h3>Placing a dental crown on a tooth that has had root canal treatment.</h3>

<p><br />
Crowns are dental restorations that cup over the portion of a tooth that lies above the gum line. People sometimes refer to dental crowns as &quot;caps.&quot; Dental crowns can either be gold or else have a porcelain surface so they look white like a tooth&#39;s neighboring teeth.</p>

<p>A dentist will use a dental crown as a means of improving the appearance of a tooth, restoring a broken tooth to its original shape, and/or strengthening a tooth. Additionally, and very importantly, dental crowns create an excellent seal over a tooth. By this we mean that a crown cemented in place provides a barrier that is helpful in preventing bacteria and contaminates from seeping back into those inner aspects of a tooth where the root canal treatment has been performed. After a tooth has had its root canal treatment completed, any or all of these qualities which a crown can provide may be needed.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'mgvlf',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">What is a Root Canal?
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>ROOT CANAL is a lay persons&#39; term for endodontic therapy or root canal therapy. Root canal therapy is necessary when the pulp (aka &quot;nerve&quot;) inside the tooth becomes irreversibly damaged or infected. This irreversible damage is a result of combined injuries that occur over the life of the tooth (decay, trauma, multiple restorations). Root canal therapy is the removal of the entire pulp throughout the root canal system (a tooth can have several roots and a canal or two within those roots), the cleaning and shaping of the canal system, and filling the canals with a polyester synthetic root canal filling and a dental sealer.</p>
</div>
When do I need a Root Canal?

<div class="toggle-content">
<ul>
	<li>Do you have any of the following symptoms?</li>
	<li>Sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers</li>
	<li>Discomfort when chewing or biting</li>
	<li>Dull ache or severe pain</li>
	<li>Discomfort that wakes you up at night</li>
	<li>Your dentist has diagnosed the need for endodontic treatment either by clinical exam or x-ray</li>
</ul>

<p>If you answered yes to any of the above, you might very well need a root canal. Please call and schedule for an evaluation. Be aware not all teeth that are in need of root canal therapy will cause pain. It is possible to be pain-free and still need a root canal.</p>
</div>
Will it hurt during the procedure?

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>With modern techniques and varied local anesthetic solutions it is rare to have any sensation in the tooth during treatment. For the first few days after treatment, It is normal for your tooth to be sensitive to biting. This discomfort can be relieved with over-the-counter or prescription medications in order to control normal post-treatment discomfort.</p>
</div>
Will it hurt afterward?

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>In most cases the discomfort will subside dramatically within the first 24-48 hours. Any sensitivity to cold, hot or even breathing air &quot;in&quot; will be gone after your visit. Nevertheless, you may experience mild discomfort to pressure that could last for several days after treatment. Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory analgesics such as ibuprofen (aka Advil, Motrin), naproxen (aka Aleve) or aspirin (aka Excedrin) usually relieves this discomfort. Tylenol has been proven not to be as effective as ibuprofen and related medicines , because it does not have the anti-inflammatory component.</p>
</div>
Benefits of Root Canal Therapy Versus Extraction

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The single most important benefit of root canal therapy is that you keep your tooth. Extraction may lead to other dental problems. For instance, drifting of teeth, bite problems, TMJ discomfort, and the need to treat adjacent teeth that do not otherwise need dental treatment in order to restore the missing tooth. No matter how effective modern tooth replacements are - and they can be very effective - nothing is a good as your natural tooth.</p>
</div>
</div>
',
			'before_id' => '51'
		)
	),
	(int) 13 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '33',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Dentures',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_40_am_Dentures.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Full_Denture_">Full Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Immediate_Denture_">Immediate Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Over_Denture">&nbsp;Over Denture </a>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="#Tooth_Supported_Over_Denture">Tooth Supported Over Denture</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Implant_Supported_Over_Denture">Implant Supported Over Denture</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="#Removable_Partial_Denture_">Removable Partial&nbsp;Denture </a>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="#Conventional_RPD_">Conventional RPD</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Cast_Partial__Denture_">Cast Partial Denture</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Flexible_Partial__Denture_">Flexible Partial Denture</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="#Precision_Attachment_Denture_">Precision Attachment Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Implant_Retained_Precision_Attachment_Denture_">Implant Retained Precision Attachment Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Flexible_Denture_">Flexible Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Telescopic_Denture_">Telescopic Denture</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Denture_Relining_">Denture Relining</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Some_Myths_Regarding_Dentures_">Some Myths Regarding Dentures</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/33">F.A.Q.</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/10">Before &amp; After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a><em>Introduction</em></h2>

<p>A denture is a prosthetic appliance that replaces some or all of missing natural teeth. There are various types of dentures that can be constructed to best suit the needs of individual patients.</p>

<h2><em><a id="Full_Denture_" name="Full_Denture_"></a>Full Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1709990c6.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/171874590.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<h3><em>A Beautiful Smile Completes Your Personality</em></h3>

<p>A full or Complete Denture is a removable appliance that replaces all the natural teeth.When the natural teeth are lost, the facial muscles can no longer take support from the teeth. Without this support, the facial muscles sag thus making the person look old and wrinkled. Also, in the absence of teeth, a person can only consume soft foods and even these cannot be masticated (chewed) properly. Not to mention that your manner of speaking, too, changes in the absence of teeth.</p>

<p>Complete dentures can replace your missing teeth and your smile. A complete denture restores mastication, esthetics and proper phonetics.</p>

<p>Replacing missing teeth will benefit your appearance and your health. You can, once again, smile with confidence. You&rsquo;ll be able to eat and speak well. Your diet would no longer have to be confined to soft foods. With well fitting dentures, you can enjoy a wide variety of your choice foods.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Ends row-->

<h2><em><a id="Immediate_Denture_" name="Immediate_Denture_"></a>Immediate Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h3><br />
Let Nothing Break<br />
The Continuity Of Your Smile</h3>

<p>An immediate denture is one, which can be given to the patient immediately after the last remaining natural teeth are extracted.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1723c11b7.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Ends row-->

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/173f51b82.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
<em>Pre Extraction Picture</em></div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/174c15426.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
<em>Post Extraction Picture</em></div>
</div>
<!-- Ends row-->

<p>The denture is constructed before the teeth are removed, the teeth are removed and the denture is immediately placed in the mouth. The advantage is that the patient is never without teeth during the healing period.</p>

<p>As healing progresses in your mouth, the immediate denture will have to be periodically re-evaluated. An immediate denture will always require a reline because the tissues of the mouth will change as healing occurs.</p>

<h2>Advantages Of&nbsp; Immediate Denture</h2>

<ol>
	<li>
	<p>The form, size and arrangement of your natural teeth can more closely be duplicated when some teeth remain in your mouth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>When immediate dentures are inserted, they act as a bandage and help to reduce bleeding.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Immediate dentures protect the tissues at the sensitive extraction sites from irritation that might result from the tongue and food. This can mean less discomfort for you than with conventional denture construction.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Immediate dentures can enable you to establish your speech patterns more easily. You do not have to learn to speak without teeth and then relearn once dentures are made.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>With immediate dentures you can chew better than you could without teeth during the normal waiting period for conventional dentures.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>If dentures do not replace the natural teeth within a short time, the cheeks tend to fall in.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Perhaps the most important advantage is that you do not have to appear in public without any teeth.</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="Over_Denture" name="Over_Denture"></a><em>Over Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/175d204eb.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<h3><br />
A Beautiful Smile<br />
- The Best Make<br />
- Up You Can Wear</h3>

<p>An Over denture is a denture that uses precision dental attachments to hold the denture down. The over denture attachment can be placed in&nbsp;<strong><em>tooth roots</em></strong> that have been saved, or placed into&nbsp;<strong><em>dental implants</em></strong>&nbsp;which have been placed to receive them.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<hr />
<h2><a id="Tooth_Supported_Over_Denture" name="Tooth_Supported_Over_Denture"></a><em>Tooth Supported Over Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<p>This is what your mouth would look like if you lose all your lower teeth. As you can see by looking above there is nothing to hold a lower denture down while you chew.&nbsp; In such cases a successful denture can be made but is always a compromise.</p>

<p>If only a few roots can be saved, an&nbsp;<strong><em>Over denture</em></strong>&nbsp;which attaches to a couple of roots anchored in the jaw can be constructed.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/17691d33c.jpg" style="height:207px; width:258px" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<hr />
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1777a4e3f.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
<em>Roots Have Been Retained For Over Denture Support</em></div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/178bfad78.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
<em>Tooth Supported Mandibular Over Denture</em></div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<p>Maintaining a few natural teeth and replacing the missing teeth with an over denture has several advantages:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Your natural teeth help preserve bone.</li>
	<li>The patient is able to retain the denture better in his/her mouth.</li>
	<li>
	<p>Your remaining natural teeth bear some of the chewing pressure, which reduces pressure on other areas of the jaw.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Your remaining teeth improve the stability of the denture and make it less likely to shift in your mouth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Your sense of where your jaw is in space and the pressure you are placing on the denture is better than the sense you have after losing all of your teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Keeping some teeth can help you psychologically accept your denture.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Even though only roots are preserved, and they are covered by a denture, a patient still has sensory input sensations similar to that experienced with teeth, as opposed to individuals with conventional dentures and no preserved roots. Over-denture patients also appear to have a more natural perceived directional sense in their chewing activities. In other words, many patients relate that they still feel like they have teeth - - a positive comment.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p>Lower dentures tend to be more difficult to keep in your mouth than upper dentures. Therefore, an over denture can be particularly helpful for the lower jaw, but it is an option for almost anyone who has a few teeth remaining. However, the teeth that will be preserved must meet certain standards of health. Canines and premolars are the most common teeth selected because of their root length and position in the jaw.</p>

<h2><a id="Implant_Supported_Over_Denture" name="Implant_Supported_Over_Denture"></a><em>Implant Supported Over Denture</em></h2>

<p>In these dentures, a few implants are placed in the patient&rsquo;s mouth at strategic locations. A Removable Complete Denture is then fabricated such that it derives strength &amp; stability from the underlying dental implants.</p>

<p>The denture appears like a traditional prosthesis. However, that part of the denture overlying implants is modified to retain various semi-rigid attachments that receive implant extensions projecting above the gum. This arrangement helps keep a denture securely in place while eating, speaking and during other oral activities, but still allows easy self-removal of the denture for cleaning purposes.</p>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/17984c24e.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p>Two Implants With Bar Attachment</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/18043b8e3.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p>Four Implants With Bar Attachment</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<hr />
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1811b7662.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p>Implants With Ball Attachment</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/182134f36.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p>An Implant Supported Mandibular Over Denture With Conventional Maxillary Denture</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<h2><em>Benefits Of Implant Supported Over Denture</em></h2>

<ul>
	<li>Stability during speech and eating (provides optimum function).</li>
	<li>Increased preservation of alveolar bone.</li>
	<li>Less food accumulation under your denture.</li>
	<li>Superior aesthetics.</li>
	<li>A feeling close to that of your natural teeth.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Removable_Partial_Denture_" name="Removable_Partial_Denture_"></a><em>Removable Partial Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1839df102.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<h3>Discover Your Smile Again</h3>

<p>A Removable Partial Denture is a removable appliance that fills the spaces that happen when a few teeth are lost.</p>

<p>Removable Partial Dentures may be of different types. Usually, standard plastic denture teeth are used to replace the missing natural teeth in all the types of RPDs. Difference in the RPDs is between the materials used to support the denture teeth and retain the denture in the mouth.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<p>The various types of RPDs are: -</p>

<h2><a id="Conventional_RPD_" name="Conventional_RPD_"></a><em>Conventional RPD</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/184448115.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<p>In these RPDs, the base is made of rigid acrylic material. These denture rest on the gums and employ wire clasps around natural teeth for stability.</p>

<p>Advantages of Conventional RPD is that these are the most affordable RPDs available. Their disadvantage includes use of metal clasps for stability.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<h2><a id="Cast_Partial__Denture_" name="Cast_Partial__Denture_"></a><em>Cast Partial&nbsp; Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<p>These RPDs have a cast metal framework that is cast to fit the teeth. The acrylic teeth are attached onto this metal framework</p>

<p>Advantages of Cast Partial Dentures are increased stability, retention and longevity of the prosthesis.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/185b6e8dc.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<h2><em><a id="Flexible_Partial__Denture_" name="Flexible_Partial__Denture_"></a>Flexible Partial&nbsp; Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/186f10efb.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<p>Flexible dentures are made of special flexible acrylic material. These dentures are the dentures of choice in certain cases. Flexible denture are very comfortable to the patient due to their ease of insertion, wearing &amp; removal.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<h2><em><a id="Precision_Attachment_Denture_" name="Precision_Attachment_Denture_"></a>Precision Attachment Denture</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h3>Restoring Your&nbsp; Natural Smile</h3>

<p>A precision attachment is a precision-machined key and lock mechanism that connects a removable partial denture to fixed bridgework in those cases where it is not possible to provide full coverage fixed partial dentures.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-4">
<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/187f476ed.jpg" style="float:left; height:281px; width:235px" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/188bc470f.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<h2>Advantages Of&nbsp; Precision Attachment Denture</h2>

<p>Precision attachment partial dentures are the indicated in cases where fixed prosthesis are contraindicated. Some advantages of this type of dentures are</p>

<ul>
	<li>Cosmetic Appearance, no need for ungainly looking metal clasps.</li>
	<li>Periodontal Health can be better maintained.</li>
	<li>Longevity of Abutment (Support) teeth.</li>
	<li>High Degree of Patient Comfort.</li>
	<li>Natural Tooth and/or Implant Abutments can Be Used.</li>
	<li>Precision Attachment Partial Dentures Can Be Adapted to Compensate for Future Changes in the Mouth.</li>
	<li>Prevent resorption of the bony ridges under the partial denture.</li>
</ul>

<h2><em><a id="Implant_Retained_Precision_Attachment_Denture_" name="Implant_Retained_Precision_Attachment_Denture_"></a>Implant Retained Precision Attachment Denture</em></h2>

<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/189bc7912.jpg" /><br />
<em>Keep Your Life Lit With A Bright Smile</em></p>

<p>Implants are sometimes used to retain a full denture if it is not possible to place sufficient no. of implants to fabricate a full arch of fixed bridge work. Because precision attachment cases work so well on the weakest teeth imaginable, they work exceedingly well on implants, which are usually strong.</p>

<p>As few as three strategically placed implants are enough to make a successful attachment case. The three implants are placed in the anterior region of the mouth and an anterior fixed bridge is constructed over these. A precision attachment&nbsp; posterior partial denture is fabricated in conjunction with this anterior fixed bridge.</p>

<p>An implant- supported precision attachment partial denture is far superior to an implant-supported full denture for the following reasons:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Superior Comfort and Self-Esteem. The posterior bar can be made thin and only covers a small area of the palate, while a denture usually covers the entire palate. The patient wearing an attachment case has&nbsp;<strong><em>anterior (front) teeth that do not come out</em></strong>, unlike the patient wearing a denture.</li>
	<li>Superior Function. Unlike a denture, the posterior bar of an attachment case frees the tongue for normal speech and allows taste buds on the anterior palate to function normally. Patients with an attachment case on implants can bite into anything.</li>
	<li>Increased Longevity. A precision attachment case does not place lateral forces on implants, which can be destructive to implants as well as natural teeth.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Flexible_Denture_" name="Flexible_Denture_"></a><em>Flexible Dentur</em>e</h2>

<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/190635edd.jpg" /></p>

<h3>A New Reason to Smile</h3>

<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>As the name itself suggests, these dentures are not rigid like the conventional dentures.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>These dentures are made with a special flexible acrylic resin that makes these dentures extremely comfortable to wear.</p>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/191cd278e.jpg" style="width:100%" /></div>

<div class="col-md-6"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/19236f55b.jpg" style="width:100%" /></div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<h2>Advantages Of Flexible Denture</h2>

<ol style="list-style-type:decimal">
	<li>
	<p>Extremely comfortable.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>The unsightly metal clasps are not needed so when you smile, the only thing that&rsquo;s visible is, Your Beautiful Smile.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Non-Invasive.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Very Durable.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Affordable.</p>
	</li>
</ol>

<h2><em><a id="Telescopic_Denture_" name="Telescopic_Denture_"></a>Telescopic Denture</em></h2>

<p>(Also known as Hybrid Prostheses, Bar Joint Denture)</p>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/193fa44ea.jpg" /></div>

<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Transform Your Smile!</h3>

<p>It is a type of complete denture that takes support from both natural teeth and gums. The natural teeth are altered in shape and provided with copings or connecting bars that facilitate the denture to fit over them.<strong>&nbsp;</strong>These are also a type of over dentures.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<p>The advantages of telescopic over dentures are: -</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Prevention of bone loss.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Esthetic superiority.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Improved speech as compared to other types of dentures</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Proper jaw alignment and improved chewing efficiency.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Improved esthetics as compared to conventional dentures.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Best suited for patients who do not want or cannot have implant surgery due to any reason.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>In case of tooth loss there is no need to make a new bridgeas the framework can be&nbsp; extended to accommodate the change.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p>Compared to conventional complete dentures, Telescopic over denture systems can increase chewing power&nbsp; up to 300%. Also, these over dentures can last a lifetime.</p>

<p>The Telescopic Bridge</p>

<p>The telescopic bridge or prosthesis is a dual supported( teeth and gums) removable coverage prosthesis designed to fit over natural teeth and gum areas in order to replace missing teeth.</p>

<h2><strong>The telescopic denture consists of:</strong></h2>

<ol>
	<li>The primary crowns or caps made of precious or non precious dental alloys that are cemented on the prepared teeth.</li>
	<li>The secondary crowns (dental alloys) that slip over the primary caps and maintain the bridge tightly on the teeth through sliding friction the teeth. The secondary crowns have facings of acrylic resin with ceramic fillers, ( the framework made out of non precious dental alloy is embedded in acrylic resin and supports the acrylic teeth which will replace the your missing teeth. )</li>
</ol>

<h3>Advantages</h3>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Replace missing teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Improved appearance compared to clasp retained partial dentures.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Improved chewing ability.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Provides support to the periodontal structures.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Cheaper than comparable implant sustained bridges.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Can be easily fabricated and applied when there are at least two or three teeth left on the jaw. Ideally it would be fitted on 4 to 6 teeth to achieve best results.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Does not need clasps or other visible metallic parts on the front teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>The bridge sits tight although it can be easily removed in order to practice the regular mouth hygiene.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Prevents future tooth loss- The secondary framework can prevent further tooth loss especially when teeth are weakened by periodontitis (gum disease).</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Maintenance, repairs and extension can be easily done at low costs.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h3>Disadvantages</h3>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>It needs to be taken out of the mouth at least once a day for cleaning. This may be bothersome for some patients.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Wearing a removable denture might be hard to overcome psychologically, giving a sense of ageing.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>The telescopic crowns are slightly larger (bulky) than similar ceramic crowns.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Requires more appointments for completion when compared to fixed bridges.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>It often requires a palatine (roof of the mouth) metal bow in the upper jaw that spans across the palate, and in the lower jaw a thin metal bow behind the front teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>At the beginning it may look expensive than comparable fixed bridges. But seen on a long term basis it is definitely the best choice.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Denture_Relining_" name="Denture_Relining_"></a><em>Denture Relining</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h3>Giving New Life To Your Old Denture</h3>

<p>Since your mouth and the dental ridges change&nbsp;or shrink over time, a denture reline is necessary to keep your denture fitting well and to prevent your dental ridges from &quot;dissolving&quot; more rapidly.</p>
</div>

<div class="col-md-4"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/194b93901.jpg" style="width:100%" /></div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<h3>Reasons for a Denture Reline:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Better fit. A relined denture &quot;stays in better&quot;.</li>
	<li>
	<p>A better fitting denture helps the dental ridges stay healthy.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Helps a denture last longer.</p>
	</li>
	<li>Helps with proper nutrition and health.</li>
</ul>
</div>

<div class="col-md-6"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1950cf3bc.jpg" style="width:100%" /></div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<p>There are two different types of denture relines commonly available, hard relines and soft relines.</p>

<h3>Hard Relines:</h3>

<p>A Hard Reline is considered the best type of reline available and the longest lasting. The plastic is processed and cured in the laboratory in the same way that the plastic of the original denture is cured.</p>

<h3>Soft reline:&nbsp;</h3>

<p>In some cases, it might become necessary to line the denture with a soft relining material. The soft reline helps in the healing of gums that might have become inflamed due to the denture base.<br />
A soft reline can be performed either in office or chairside or in the lab. It is not considered as long lasting as a hard reline.</p>

<h2><a id="Some_Myths_Regarding_Dentures_" name="Some_Myths_Regarding_Dentures_"></a><em>Some Myths Regarding Dentures</em></h2>

<p>There are many common myths and misconceptions regarding dentures that are accepted as fact. It is better to dispel the myths and get the facts straight.</p>

<h3>&quot;Dentures last forever!&quot;</h3>

<p>Dentures are long lasting but like anything man made, they do wear out. They are made from plastic and dropping them can cause them to break. Depending on the individual oral environment, the rate of wear out of the teeth and the amount of change occurring in the oral cavity may vary.&nbsp;</p>

<h3>&quot;Once you have dentures, you don&#39;t need to see a dentist anymore.&quot;</h3>

<p>The mouth changes constantly. Dentures that become loose and do not fit as well as they should, may require a reline. People with dentures can still develop oral cancer and should be examined regularly by a dentist. &nbsp;</p>

<h3>&quot;Everyone can tell when you&#39;re wearing dentures.&quot;</h3>

<p>Well fitting dentures made with meticulous care and attention to detail are difficult to recognize as dentures. They should provide a natural appearance and function well. You should be able to eat and speak normally. Dentures that fit well should not require adhesives to hold them in place.</p>

<p>To know more about dentures please visit&nbsp;<u><a href="http://www.dentures.net/" target="_blank">www.dentures.net</a></u></p>
',
			'my_token' => '8gzt7',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>How long can I have my dentures?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Dentures typically last anywhere from 5-10 years. Even though your teeth are gone, your mouth and gums will continue to change shape for the rest of your life. Because dentures are artificial, obviously, they will not change with the shape of your mouth, and you will them replaced or adjusted. Also, make sure you see your regular dentist annually at least, so as to avoid any major problems you cannot identify yourself.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will dentures make me look different?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Today, the technology behind prosthodontics has become so advanced that you probably will barely notice a difference in your appearance. Each set of dentures is personalized to your gums, lips, tongue...your whole mouth. Additionally, before you&#39;re given your permanent dentures, molds are made in wax for you to try them on and see how they look. The only difference in appearance you might have is the absence of decaying teeth, and the appearance of a healthy, beautiful looking smile.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will dentures affect the way I speak?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Getting dentures for the first time is an adjustment, to say the least. There are many things you&#39;re going to have to practice a little to truly master - and speaking is one. Don&#39;t worry - it&#39;s not like relearning how to speak completely. You may experience some lisping at first, but it shouldn&#39;t take long to re-teach your tongue and lips where they go to regain you original speech patterns.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will dentures affect the way I eat?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Again, it&#39;s all an adjustment. Yes, you may have some difficulty at first, but you&#39;ve spent a lifetime learning a particular way of eating. Now, you&#39;ll just need to tweak it a little. Because your natural teeth are rooted deep in your mouth, you tear your food away from its source. Picture biting into a piece of fruit. Normally, you would tear the piece you want to eat right away from the rest of the fruit. With dentures, you will learn how to bite into the food, and not pull your head away until it is already in your mouth. A small adjustment, but it will take some practice.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I clean my dentures?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Like teeth, a dentist will recommend brushing your dentures after every meal. Obviously, this is not always a practical option. But you should clean your dentures as soon after you eat as possible. Take the dentures out and hold with your thumb and forefinger. Make sure wherever you&#39;re cleaning them, it&#39;s never over a hard surface. Put a towel down on the vanity, or make sure the sink is full of water. If you drop them, they won&#39;t break. Get a good denture brush and denture cleaner, both available in every day drugstores and brush thoroughly, as you would if the teeth were in your mouth. Avoid using bleaching agents, as they will discolor the pink acrylic for the gum line.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Should my dentures come out at night?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Probably. But check with your dentist. If your dentures are not in your mouth, there is usually extra care you should be taking with them - and you want to make sure you fully understand what that care is. You&#39;ve spent too much on your dentures to not double check with your dentist.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will dentures really help?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Losing your teeth can be painful. But itâ€™s a problem that can be resolved with
excellent results. We can provide you with a comfortable, attractive substitute to
your teeth that, with proper care, will help you live a healthier, happier life.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long will dentures last?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Between 5 and 7 years. Just like natural teeth,Â denturesÂ wear down and stain with
age. Your mouth is frequently changing. To make sure yourÂ denturesÂ fit properly,
they will need adjustments from time to time. We suggest seeing your dentist
yearly for aÂ dentureÂ check-up. You should always advise your dentist at the first
sign of irritation, no matter how minor it may seem. Your health and comfort are
vital.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will dentures affect my appearance?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>DenturesÂ are custom made to suit you â€“ making them incredibly comfortable and
natural looking.
At the beginning of theÂ dentureÂ process, there is an impression and trying period.
Your teeth will be positioned in wax so you and your dentist can see what
yourÂ denturesÂ will look like. This is a great chance to discuss the appearance and
make modifications, so youâ€™ll be happy with the end result.
Many patients notice that once they getÂ dentures, noticeable facial lines are
softened, giving them a more youthful look. We want ourÂ dentureÂ patients to be
proud of their smile.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How will dentures affect my eating?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>â€‹Adjusting toÂ denturesÂ takes time and patience, but youâ€™ll get used to them before
you know it. We will be happy to help you work through any challenges and
explain the best ways to get used to eating and chewing with your newÂ dentures.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How should I clean my dentures?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>â€‹Always clean yourÂ denturesÂ over a basin of water or aÂ Â towel to avoid breakage if
you drop them. Hold them gently between your thumb and fingers, and clean
them using a dentureÂ cleaner or soap â€“ all readily available at any drugstore. Use
only lukewarm water and avoid using harsh pastes. You should clean
yourÂ denturesÂ after every meal.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I use store-bought liners?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>â€‹â€‹Never attempt toÂ relineÂ yourÂ dentures. You could completely damage
yourÂ denturesÂ and injure your mouth. If you have any problems, call us. Adhesive
powders and pastes may be used according to manufacturerâ€™s instructions.</p>
</div></section>




</div>
',
			'before_id' => '10'
		)
	),
	(int) 14 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '35',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Captek',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_31_am_Captek.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Restores">Restores The Tooth &amp; Keeps Your Gums Healthy!</a></li>
	<li><a href="../../User/faq/35">F.A.Qs</a></li>
	<li><a href="../../User/before_after_viwe/23">Before and After Gallery</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2><a name="Introduction"></a><em>Captek Crowns &amp; Bridges</em></h2>

<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2"><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1980d19d4.gif" style="width:100%" /></div>

<div class="col-md-8">
<p>Captek Crowns &amp; Bridges are a new age solution that differ from traditional crowns in the fact that the metal coping beneath the porcelain is made up of 88% gold reinforced with a Platinum &ndash; Palladium skeleton. Gold copings are better than metal copings because of increased aesthetics, corrosion resistance and increased biocompatibility.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--  End ROW -->

<hr />
<h3>Indications for Captek are:</h3>

<p>- Anterior and Posterior Crowns</p>

<p>- Anterior and Posterior Bridges</p>

<p>- Splints</p>

<p><img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/199bcf1e7.JPG" /></p>

<h3>It&rsquo;s Not Just Golden, It&rsquo;s Real Gold!</h3>

<p>The Captek crown consists of porcelain baked to a pure gold coping as against base metal copings used in other porcelain fused to metal crowns.</p>

<h3>It Looks So Real, You Can&#39;t Tell The Difference!</h3>

<p>In addition to providing a more vital-looking crown, clinicians report Captek crowns usually have improved surrounding gingival color. This clinical benefit has been described as the &quot;<em>crown with the warm glow</em>.&quot;</p>

<h3>No More Gray Lines At Crown Margin!</h3>

<p>Gold coping of Captek Crowns is corrosion resistant so there is no corrosion and discoloration at the margins of the crown whereas in base metal coping crowns, the crown margins may become gray after some time.</p>

<h3>It&rsquo;s Beautiful And It&rsquo;s Also Longer Lasting!</h3>

<p>The Corrosion Resistance property of Captek ensures you of a long-lasting solution that not only looks beautiful but also stands the test of time.</p>

<h2><a name="Restores"></a>It Restores The Tooth &amp; Keeps Your Gums Healthy!</h2>

<p>Captek is the only crown and bridge solution clinically proven to lower harmful bacteria counts in the surrounding sulcus, significant to long-term clinical success.</p>

<p>According to the Harvard Research Institute, Captek exhibits less bacteria accumulation on its surface than natural teeth.</p>

<p>Forsyth Dental Center (Boston, MA) has reported 71 percent lower sulcular plaque levels around Captek crowns. This means that your gums stay healthy.</p>

<p><strong>For more details, click here&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.captek.com/" target="_blank">www.captek.com</a></strong></p>
',
			'my_token' => 'ltmv5',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '  <div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label> Iâ€™ve heard of a cap or a crown, what is that?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>A dental crown is a tooth-shaped "cap" that is placed over a tooth- covering the tooth to restore its shape and size, strength, and/or to improve its appearance. A crown is often needed when a simple filling will not restore the tooth properly.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> Are all crowns the same? What are they made out of and which one would be best for me?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The longevity and durability of your crown is directly related to the materials selected to make the crown.  So letâ€™s take a look at different options.

 

<h4>Metal Crowns</h4>
<p>The more precious metal or gold content in the metal the better the fit and better for the health of gums around the crown. Keep in mind fit is an important factor in sealing out the bacteria that tries to get between the crown and the tooth, possibly causing decay and premature failure of the crown.</p>

 

<h4>Porcelain Crowns</h4>
<p>All porcelain crowns are generally considered the most aesthetic choice since they closely resemble the color and appearance of your teeth. Porcelain continues to improve and in fact there are newly developed porcelain materials, such as zirconium and empress 2 that can better withstand the forces of chewing. Porcelain crowns can give you the Hollywood smile that you are looking for.</p>


<h4>Porcelain Fused to Metal Crowns</h4>
<p>The third kind of crown has a porcelain exterior with a metal framework supporting it underneath. The porcelain gives you the desired aesthetic, and the metal framework provides better structural support making the porcelain much stronger. This type of porcelain-metal hybrid crown can be used to replace missing teeth in any area of the mouth, front or back. Again, as a rule, the more precious metal or gold content in the metal, the better the fit and better for the health of gums around the crown.  An example of this great type of crown would be the â€œcaptekâ€ crown.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> My last dentist wanted me to get a gold crown- why would he say that? Aren't the tooth colored ones better?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The gold alloy used in dental crowns is the most  biocompatible of all avaialble dental materials: it fits better, it requires the removal of less tooth structure in the preparation phase; and, because it has relatively the same hardness as natural teeth, it is causes considerably less wear on the opposing teeth like a ceramic materials would. All things being equal- a gold crown is the best clinical choice. But the problem, of course, is the color- and most patients  would prefer to have a crown that blends in esthetically.
</p>
<p>When esthetics is not a concern- for example with molar teeth that are not visible during normal function-- we will suggest gold crowns due to the superior functionallity. However, the patient always has the final say when it comes to esthetics!</p>
</div>
</section>

</div>      ',
			'before_id' => '23'
		)
	),
	(int) 15 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '36',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Pediatric Dentistry',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_46_am_Pediatric Dentistry.png',
			'description' => '<div class="dtlinks">
<ul>
	<li>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Infant_Oral_Care">Infant Oral Care</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Dental_Treatments">Dental Treatments </a>
		<ul>
			<li><a href="#sealants">Pit and Fissure </a></li>
			<li><a href="#Restorations">Restoration</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Pulp_Therapy">Pulp Therapy - &quot;Children&#39;s Root Canal&quot;</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Extractions">Extractions</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Space_Maintainers">Space Maintainers</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Early_Childhood">Early Childhood Tooth Decay</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Fluoride">Fluoride</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Oral_Habits">Oral Habits</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Tooth_Enamel">Tooth Enamel Defects</a></li>
			<li><a href="#Early_Orthodontic">Early Orthodontic Treatment</a></li>
		</ul>
		</li>
		<li><a href="#Dental_Trauma">Dental Trauma Emergencies </a></li>
		<li><a href="../faq/36">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
		<li><a href="/User/before_after_viwe/42">Before and After Photographs</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2><a name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>Pediatric Dentistry is a dental specialty that focuses its attention on infants and children providing preventive and therapeutic oral health care. During the &quot;growth&quot; phase of a child, special approaches are needed to guide the dental growth and development in order to avoid future dental problems. Every child deserves a healthy start in life, but when it comes to oral health, many children face significant challenges. Over 40% - 50% of children are affected by tooth decay before age 5.</p>

<p>A common question that parents ask is &ldquo;why spend on the maintenance of milk teeth when they are to be finally replaced by the permanent ones?&rdquo;</p>

<p><strong>Milk teeth are as important as the permanent ones because:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>Baby teeth are important in proper feeding and nutrition.</li>
	<li>Milk teeth serve as space maintainers for the proper spacing and alignment of the permanent teeth.</li>
	<li>Healthy milk teeth are crucial in helping the baby learn how to speak properly.</li>
	<li>Neglect of the baby teeth can result in pain, infection of the gums and jaws, impairment of general health, and premature loss of teeth, which is a major cause of orthodontic problems.</li>
	<li>Care of the primary teeth is important to prevent dental decay and to encourage proper nutrition as well as ensure a future of healthy permanent teeth.</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Infant_Oral_Car"></a>Infant Oral Care</h2>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/111baa834.JPG" style="height:172px; width:220px" /></p>

<h3 style="text-align:center">Tooth Eruption</h3>

<p>Some babies are born with neonatal teeth (teeth that develop in the first month) that require a visit to the dentist for their removal.</p>

<p>The 20 baby teeth are already forming before birth. A baby&#39;s front four teeth usually erupt first, typically at about 6-8 months of age, although some children do not have their first tooth until twelve months old. The rest of the twenty baby teeth appear in pairs along the sides of the jaw until the child is about 3 years old. The first permanent teeth begin to erupt at about age 5-6, starting with the first molars and lower central incisors. This process will continue until approximately age 13 to 14 excluding the third molars (wisdom teeth). The third molars usually erupt at around age 21.</p>

<p>It is not uncommon that some teeth are a few months early or late as all children have different eruption patterns.</p>

<h3>Teething</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1128b670c.JPG" style="height:239px; width:260px" /></p>

<p>When teeth begin erupting, babies may have discomfort and can be irritable. They like to place fingers and other objects in mouth to relieve discomfort. Also, babies may have sore or tender gums. Some babies can have increased dribbling, flushed cheeks and changed eating patterns. You can also give your baby teething gel, cool teething ring or cold wet washcloth to chew on, but never dipped in sugar or syrup. If your child is still uncomfortable, consult your dentist or physician.</p>

<p>Fever is not normal for a teething baby. If your infant has an unusually high or persistent fever while teething, see your medical doctor.</p>

<h3>Tooth Brushing</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1138045c6.JPG" style="height:199px; width:146px" /></p>

<p>Wipe infant&#39;s teeth gently with a moist, soft cloth or gauze square at least twice a day, especially before sleeping. As babies grow, use a child&#39;s extra soft toothbrush with water or a very small amount of non-fluoridated toothpaste. Fluoride containing toothpaste should only be used when your child can spit.</p>

<p>By age two or three begin to teach your child to brush. You will still need to brush where they miss. When children are seven to eight years old they are usually able to brush on their own. Flossing can be more challenging and this skill develops around age of nine. Gently brush the tongue to remove debris, floss between teeth daily.</p>

<h3>Feeding</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/114765701.JPG" style="height:249px; width:168px" /></p>

<p>Avoid putting your baby to bed with a bottle, sippee cup or while breastfeeding. This habit may cause cavities when your baby has teeth especially if milk, formula, juice or other sweetened liquid is used. Only water should be put in a bottle or cup if your child cannot fall asleep without it. While your baby is breastfeeding, wipe the teeth with a damp washcloth as soon as he or she falls asleep and stops sucking. Sharing items such as spoons, pacifiers, toothbrushes and toys can spread cavity-causing germs between caregiver and baby and between babies themselves. Regular feeding is important for nourishment to allow baby to grow strong and healthy. Continuous use of bottle for comfort rather than feeding can cause damage on teeth. Never put baby to bed with bottle because teeth can be damaged as the liquid pools in the mouth feeding the bacteria for most of the sleeping time. Liquid can also seep into the middle ear tubes causing irritation and possible ear infections.</p>

<p>If use bottle for baby under 12 months, put only breast milk, formula or water in it. The bottle should be taken away once feeding is finished. Introduce a feeding cup to child at 6 months which helps to discourage an attachment to the bottle and wean off the bottle by 12 months. Drinking juice from a bottle should be avoided. When juice is offered, it should be in a cup. At will night time breastfeeding should be avoided after the first baby teeth begins to erupt. Nursing continuously from breast during nap or night time can increase decay risk.</p>

<h2><a name="Dental_Treatments"></a>Dental Treatments</h2>

<h3><a name="sealants"></a>Pit and Fissure sealants</h3>

<p>The chewing surfaces of teeth are never flat. They have infact certain depressions called Pit and Fissures which serve as potential traps for food and bacteria making the teeth susceptible for decay. Although other factors such as dietary habits, oral hygiene and amount of sugar intake do pay an important role but the pits and fissures have been suggested as &quot; the single most important anatomic feature leading to the development of tooth decay&quot;. Therefore as a preventive measure certain pits and fissure sealants are placed.</p>

<p>The decay inhibiting properties of sealants are attributed to the physical obstruction of the pits and grooves. This prevents penetration of fermentable sugars and the bacteria cannot produce acid that causes tooth decay. The safety and effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants as a decay preventive measure has been confirmed by the American Dental Association. These are contraindicated in cases of already existing decay which require filling.</p>

<p>Not every tooth requires sealant. The natural flow of saliva usually keeps the smooth surfaces of teeth clean but does not wash out the grooves and fissures. So, the teeth which are most susceptible to decay will benefit most by sealants.</p>

<h3 style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1158ac9f6.JPG" style="height:138px; width:153px" /></h3>

<h3 style="text-align:center">Restorations</h3>

<p><strong>Amalgams</strong> or silver fillings are used to restore decayed areas in teeth. They have a scientifically proven history of safety and effectiveness in restoring teeth. The problem associated with its use is the recent upsurge in public opinion concerning its health safety. It is NOT evident that use of amalgam in children&#39;s teeth causes health problems.</p>

<p><strong>Composites / Glass Ionomer</strong> or white fillings are used to restore fractured and/or decayed teeth, especially for front teeth in which cosmetic appearance is important. The shade of the restoration material is matched as closely as possible to the color of the natural tooth.</p>

<p><strong>Stainless steel crowns</strong> are silver colored &quot;caps&quot; used to restore teeth that are too badly decayed or grossly broken, primary molars that have undergone pulp therapy, and primary or permanent teeth with enamel defects.</p>

<p><strong>Composite resin strip crown</strong> is the best choice in restoring extensive decayed or broken baby front tooth. It provides a good esthetics and durable restoration.</p>

<h3 style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/116952b8c.JPG" style="height:172px; width:222px" /></h3>

<h2><a name="Pulp_Therapy"></a>Pulp Therapy &ndash; &ldquo;Children&rsquo;s root canal&rdquo;</h2>

<p><strong>Pulp therapy</strong> is the treatment of infected nerves and blood vessels in teeth. With the proper pulp treatment, the tooth can be preserved for chewing food and maintaining proper space for permanent teeth.</p>

<p>Extensive dental decay and traumatic injury are the main reasons for a tooth to require pulp therapy. The two common forms of pulp therapy in children&#39;s teeth are the pulpotomy and pulpectomy.</p>

<p>A <strong>pulpotomy</strong> removes the diseased pulp tissue within the crown portion of the tooth, followed by the placement of medicine to prevent bacterial growth and to calm the remaining nerve tissue. This is followed by a final restoration (usually a stainless steel crown). Tooth extraction is avoided.</p>

<p>A <strong>pulpectomy</strong> is required when the entire pulp of the tooth is dead. The diseased pulp tissue is completely removed from both the crown and root. The canals are cleansed, disinfected and in the case of primary teeth, filled with a resorbable material. Then a final restoration is placed. A permanent tooth would be filled with a non-resorbing material.</p>

<h2><a name="Extractions"></a>Extractions</h2>

<p>Extractions (remove the tooth) are done only as a last resort. If a primary molar is removed prematurely, a space maintainer will be placed. Some extractions are needed for orthodontic reasons to help facilitate tooth alignment.</p>

<h3><a name="Space_Maintainers"></a>Space Maintainers</h3>

<p>Space maintainers are used when a baby tooth has been prematurely lost (dental disease or trauma) to hold space for the permanent tooth. A space maintainer helps to prevent future space loss and dental problems.</p>

<p>If a baby tooth is lost too soon, the teeth beside it may tilt or drift into the empty space. Teeth in the other jaw may move up or down to fill the gap. As a result, lack of space in the jaw for the eruption of permanent teeth. So, permanent teeth are crowded and come in crooked. If left untreated, the condition may require extensive orthodontic treatment.</p>

<p>Space maintainers are appliances made of metal that are custom fit to child&#39;s mouth. They are small and unobtrusive in appearance. Most children easily adjust to them after the first few days. Space maintainers hold open the empty space left by a lost tooth and prevent movement of the remaining teeth until the permanent tooth takes its natural position in the jaw.</p>

<p>Space maintainers need special care. Sticky sweets or chewing gum should be avoided. Do not tug or push on the space maintainer with your fingers or tongue. Also, keep the space maintainer clean with conscientious brushing and flossing. Regular dental visits are needed to monitor the space maintainer. The space maintainer can be removed when the permanent tooth closes to eruption.</p>

<h2><a name="Early_Childhood">Early Childhood Tooth Decay</a></h2>

<p><a name="Early_Childhood"> </a></p>

<p style="text-align:center"><a name="Early_Childhood"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/117830b1d.JPG" style="height:182px; width:272px" /></a></p>

<p><a name="Early_Childhood"><strong>Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (Nursing Bottle Caries):</strong> The term describes a dental condition which involves the rapid decay of many or all the baby teeth of an infant or child. The teeth most likely to be damaged are the upper front teeth since they are the first teeth to erupt and thus have the longest exposure time to the sugars in the feeding bottle. The lower front teeth tend to be protected by the tongue as the child sucks on the nipple of the bottle or the breast.</a></p>

<p><a name="Early_Childhood">Baby Bottle Tooth Decay is caused by long exposure of a child&rsquo;s teeth to liquid containing sugars generally when the baby falls asleep with a bottle containing milk or juice or a pacifier dipped in honey. The liquid pools around the front teeth. During sleep, the bacteria living in every baby&rsquo;s mouth, turns the milk sugar or other sugars to acid which causes the decay.</a></p>

<p><a name="Early_Childhood">By the time the condition is noticed by the parents it may be too late and extractions of the decayed teeth may be necessary. As a result, your child may suffer from long term disorders which include speech impediments, possible psychological damage, crooked or crowded teeth, and poor oral health.</a></p>

<p><a name="Early_Childhood"><strong>The condition can be easily prevented by</strong></a></p>

<ul>
	<li><a name="Early_Childhood">Clean your child&rsquo;s teeth daily.</a></li>
	<li><a name="Early_Childhood">Giving plain water after a bottle of juice, milk, or formula (or when awake, sip on it for long periods of time as a pacifier).</a></li>
	<li><a name="Early_Childhood">Start bottle weaning by at least a year.</a></li>
	<li><a name="Early_Childhood">Make sure your child gets the fluoride needed to prevent decay.</a></li>
	<li><a name="Early_Childhood">Have regular dental visits for your child beginning when their first tooth erupts.</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Early_Childhood"></a><a name="Fluoride"></a>Fluoride</h2>

<p>Fluoride is a natural mineral and is one of the most effective agents for preventing tooth decay and making your teeth strong. Fluoride can be found in water and in many different foods, as well as in dental products such as toothpaste, mouth rinses, gels, varnish and supplements. Fluoride is effective when combined with a healthy diet and good oral hygiene.</p>

<h4>Does my child get enough fluoride?</h4>

<p>The best way for your child to receive fluoride&#39;s protection is by drinking water containing the right amount of the mineral. Children who from birth drink water containing fluoride on average have up to 50% fewer cavities. Your dentist considers many different factors before recommending a fluoride supplement if you live in a community that does not have optimally fluoridated drinking water. Your child&#39;s age, risk of developing dental decay, and the water and different liquids your child drinks are important considerations to ensure your child is receiving the proper amount.</p>

<h4>Fluoride supplements (drops or tablets) are no longer recommended to all children because of the risk of fluorosis.</h4>

<p>Children who benefit the most from fluoride supplements are those at highest risk for dental decay. Risk factors include a history of decay, high sugar diet, orthodontic appliances and certain medical conditions.</p>

<h4>What type and amount of toothpaste should a child use?</h4>

<p>Fluoridated toothpaste should be introduced when a child is 1 year of age. Prior to that parents should clean the child&#39;s teeth with water and a soft-bristled toothbrush. When toothpaste is used in young children, parents should supervise brushing and only a small pea-sized amount on the brush are recommended. Children should spit out and not swallow excess toothpaste after brushing. Do not leave toothpaste tubes where young children can reach them. The flavors that help encourage them to brush may also encourage them to eat toothpaste.</p>

<h4>If your local water supply is NOT fluoridated:</h4>

<p>Birth - 12 months: As soon as teeth appear, clean them twice daily with a child soft toothbrush without toothpaste.</p>

<p>12 months - 6 years: Clean teeth twice a day with low fluoride toothpaste (Colgate My First, Oral B stages, MacLean&#39;s Milk Teeth) 6 years and over: Clean teeth twice a day with standard fluoride toothpaste.</p>

<h4>If your local water supply is fluoridated:</h4>

<p>Birth - 18 months: As soon as teeth appear, clean them twice daily with a child soft toothbrush without toothpaste.</p>

<p>18 months - 6 years: Clean teeth twice a day with low flouride toothpaste (Colgate My First, Oral B stages, Macleans Milk Teeth) 6 years and over: Clean teeth twice a day with standard fluoride toothpaste.</p>

<h4>Is fluoride safe?</h4>

<p>Fluoride is documented to be safe and highly effective in caries prevention. Research indicates water fluoridation, the most cost effective method in caries prevention. Only small amounts of fluoride are necessary for the maximum benefit.</p>

<p>Excessive fluoride ingestion by young children can lead to dental fluorosis, which is a chalky white to even brown discoloration of the permanent teeth, usually on the front teeth. Many children often get more fluoride than their parents realize. Being aware of a child&#39;s potential sources of fluoride can help parents prevent the possibility of dental fluorosis.</p>

<ul>
	<li>Too much fluoridated toothpaste at an early age.</li>
	<li>The inappropriate use of fluoride supplements.</li>
	<li>Hidden sources of fluoride in the child&#39;s diet.</li>
</ul>

<p>Young children may not be able to spit out fluoride-containing toothpaste when brushing. As a result, they may ingest an excessive amount of fluoride during tooth brushing. Toothpaste ingestion during this critical period of permanent tooth development is the greatest risk factor in the development of fluorosis.</p>

<p>Excessive and inappropriate intake of fluoride supplements may also contribute to fluorosis. Fluoride drops and tablets should not be given to infants younger than six months of age. After that time, fluoride supplements should only be given to children after all of the sources of ingested fluoride have been accounted for and upon the recommendation of your dentist.</p>

<p>Certain foods and drinks that are manufactured in fluoridated cities can contain high level of fluoride. This is another source of fluoride if it is in the foods or drinks.</p>

<h4>Apart from fluoride, any other agents can help to prevent decay in children&#39;s teeth?</h4>

<p>Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that is commonly used in mouthwashes. Chlorhexidine gel has been commonly used and is documented safe for caries control in children. The gel (pea-sized amount) is brushed on the teeth either once a week or daily.</p>

<p>&quot;Tooth Mousse&quot; Casein phosphopeptide stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a new form of calcium phosphate developed whereby the calcium and phosphate ions (teeth minerals) are held in a bioavailable form using milk protein casein phosphopeptides. This CCP-ACP can help to slow down decay progression and promote regression of early stages of decay. It is available in creme in a variety of flavours (GC Tooth Mousse) or in a sugar-free chewing gum (Recaldent).</p>

<h3><a name="Oral_Habits"></a>Oral Habits</h3>

<p>Frequently children acquire certain habits that may either temporarily or permanently be harmful to teeth and tooth supporting structures. These habits are acquired as a result of repetition. In the initial stages there is a conscious effort to perform the act. Later the act becomes less conscious and if repeated often enough may enter the realms of unconsciousness.</p>

<p>Some common oral habits seen in children include thumb sucking, mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip biting, grinding of teeth and nail biting.</p>

<p><strong>Thumb / finger sucking habit</strong></p>

<p>It is completely normal for babies and young children! Sucking is a natural reflex and infants and young children may use thumbs, fingers, pacifiers and other objects on which to suck. It may make them feel secure and happy or provide a sense of security at difficult periods.</p>

<p>Prolonged thumb / finger sucking habit can create dental problems such as crooked teeth and bite problems. The severity of the dental problems depends on the frequency, duration, intensity and position of the thumb / finger in the child&#39;s mouth.</p>

<p>Most children stop sucking habits on their own between the ages of 2-4. Children should cease thumb sucking by the time their permanent front teeth are ready to erupt (age 6-7) to avoid associated dental problems.</p>

<p>Pacifiers are no substitute for thumb sucking. They can affect the teeth essentially the same way as sucking fingers and thumbs. If you have concerns about thumb sucking or use of a pacifier, consult the pediatric dentist.</p>

<p>Tips for breaking child&#39;s thumb / finger sucking habit:</p>

<p>Instead of scolding children for thumb sucking, praise them when they are not.<br />
Children often suck their thumbs when feeling insecure. Focus on correcting the cause of anxiety, instead of the thumb sucking.<br />
Reward children when they refrain from sucking during difficult periods.<br />
Pediatric dentist can encourage children to stop sucking and explain what could happen if they continue. Parents need to be supportive.<br />
If these approaches fail, remind the children of their habit by bandaging the thumb or putting a sock on the hand at night. Your pediatric dentist may recommend the use of a mouth appliance that discourages sucking habits.</p>

<h3><a name="Tooth_Enamel"></a>Tooth Enamel Defects</h3>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/118e30363.JPG" style="height:152px; width:204px" /></p>

<p>Enamel defect can be implicated as &quot;weak&quot; enamel with reduced thickness or enamel with poor quality. Enamel defect can appear as pitted, rough surfaces or with white, yellow or brownish discolouration in a tooth or in multiple teeth.</p>

<p>Enamel is a protective layer on the visible part of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance of the body. The formation of enamel is very sensitive, any disturbances occur during the tooth development can result in enamel defects, affecting the primary or permanent teeth.</p>

<h4>What causes enamel defects?</h4>

<p>There are many different risk factors have been linked to enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth in children. The most common risk factors include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Mother&#39;s health during pregnancy (illnesses, diet deficiency)</li>
	<li>Prematurity</li>
	<li>Birth difficulties</li>
	<li>Medications given to mother prior birth or to child during early childhood</li>
	<li>Early childhood diseases (high fever, pneumonia, middle ear infection, viral infections etc.)</li>
	<li>Chronic / frequent childhood illness during first four years of life</li>
	<li>Poor childhood nutrition (deficient diet, lack of calcium, phosphate, vitamins A, C, D)</li>
	<li>Trauma to mouth or primary teeth can cause localized enamel defects</li>
</ul>

<p>Rarely, enamel defect can be inherited and is called Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Every primary and permanent totoh has abnormal enamel formation.</p>

<h4>What are the dental problems as a result of enamel defects?</h4>

<ul>
	<li>Affected teeth can be fragile and may wear or lose enamel easily</li>
	<li>Increase risk of dental decay</li>
	<li>Tooth sensitivity from hot and cold foods and drinks if the underlying dentine layer is exposed</li>
	<li>Socially, child may feel embarrassed to smile</li>
</ul>

<h4>What are the treatment options for enamel defects in children?</h4>

<ul>
	<li>Fluoride treatment (gel, rinse, remineralising cream)</li>
	<li>Restoration includes direct tooth coloured restoration, facing or crown, stainless steel crown.</li>
	<li>Extraction for very badly formed and decayed teeth followed by orthodontic management</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Early_Orthodontic"></a>Early Orthodontic Treatment</h2>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1195c9a4e.JPG" style="height:114px; width:154px" /></p>

<p>As child grows, his/her teeth may not develop into normal position and biting relationships. Early orthodontic treatment allows minor tooth movement which guides the teeth as they emerge in the child&#39;s mouth. This type of treatment may include fixed or removable appliances, spacers, and/or braces. Early treatment may have the benefit of eliminating or minimizing the need for additional treatment later in life.</p>

<p><strong>Malocclusion</strong> (crowded or crooked teeth or bite problems) is often inherited. Orthodontic problems also are caused by dental injuries, early loss of baby teeth or oral habits (e.g. thumb sucking).</p>

<p>It is recommended that children should receive their first orthodontic evaluation by age 7, which allows early identification of potential problems. Certain orthodontic conditions are also best treated at this age. Full braces are placed after most of the permanent teeth erupt (Age 12).</p>

<p>Early orthodontics can straighten crooked teeth, guide erupting teeth into position, correct bite problems and can prevent the need for tooth extractions. The result of straight teeth can give a more beautiful smile in your child and teeth are easier to keep clean and less susceptible to dental decay and gum disease.</p>

<p>Special care is recommended during orthodontic treatment. Careful brushing and flossing keep the appliance and child&#39;s dental health excellent. Removable appliances should be brushed each time the teeth are brushed. Besides, the orthodontic appointments, regular check ups are required to protect child from dental decay and gum disease. Child can eat a normal diet during orthodontic treatment, except sticky foods (chewing gum, caramels) and large, hard foods (peanuts, chips, popcorn). Some appliances alter speech, but most children adapt quickly and speak clearly within few days. Generally, children can safely play with an orthodontic appliance.</p>

<p>Like other dental treatment, orthodontic treatment requires good compliance from the child to achieve the desired outcome.</p>

<h2><a name="Dental_Trauma"></a>Dental Trauma Emergencies</h2>

<p style="text-align:center"><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/120b32387.JPG" style="height:187px; width:278px" /></p>

<p>When your child&#39;s baby tooth is knocked out, contact and see your dentist as soon as possible.</p>

<p>If a permanent tooth is knocked out, gently rinse tooth under water and do not scrub the tooth. Replace the tooth in the socket if possible and hold it there with clean gauze or a wash cloth. If the tooth cannot be placed back in socket, place the tooth in a glass of milk, saliva or water and come to the dental practice immediately. Time is critical in saving a traumatic tooth. The faster you act, the better your chances of saving the tooth.</p>

<p>If the tooth is chipped or fractured, the quicker you act, the better your chances of preventing infection and reduce the need for extensive dental treatment. Rinse the mouth with water and apply cold compresses to reduce swelling. If you can find the broken tooth fragment, bring it with you to the dentist.</p>

<p>If child has head injury or jaw fracture as a result of the accident, go immediately to the emergency room of hospital. Head injury can be life threatening.</p>

<p>Dental injuries can be prevented in sports by wearing mouth guards.</p>
',
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			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">

<section class="toggle">
<label>Why Pediatric Dentistry?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>Our Office is designed with your child in mind.</li>
	<li>We will not hold your child down or force treatment.</li>
	<li>Your child will love watching television located above dental chair while we check their teeth.</li>
	<li>Our dental digital radiograph machine is designed to protect your child with very low exposure levels. The small plates are comfortable and small allowing us to get good examinations on kids much younger than you would expect.</li>
	<li>We respect your time and work very hard to assure you are seen when you are scheduled.</li>
	<li>We love kids and treat them as our own.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can My Child Get White Crowns?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes! There are a variety of choices when it comes to restoring teeth. Dr. Ramesh Gupta prides himself on being at the cutting edge of technology. There are more options for parents and children today that were not available a few years ago. Smile By Design Pediatric dentistry offers both tooth colored fillings and crowns. Whether in the front or the back of the mouth pediatric dental crowns do not have to be silver.</p>

<p>Dr. Ramesh Gupta offers everything from all Zirconia (tooth colored) crowns to the traditional Stainless Steel (silver). Each option will be presented to you as a parent so you can make the best decision for your child.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>When should I take my child to the Dentist?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Age 1. The indian Academy of Pediatricsas well as The indian Academy of Pediatrics Dentistry recommends that your child is seen between the ages of 12-18 months or when 6-8 teeth have erupted. When seen early your pediatric dentist can prevent dental problems and cavities before they ever occur.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What To Expect At My First Pediatric Dental Visit</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>You and your child will be welcomed to Smile By Design by our friendly and caring staff. Your child&rsquo;s teeth and gums will be thoroughly cleaned and receive an examination by Ramesh Gupta. Based upon that exam, Dr. Ramesh Gupta will determine if dental x-rays are necessary. Most important of all, before you leave we will review with you how to clean and care for your child&rsquo;s teeth. Smile By Design will also recommend dietary ways to avoid cavities. Our Goal is to keep your child cavity free for life!</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can you do everything in one visit?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Smile By Design prides ourselves in being respectful of your time and moving at a pace that is comfortable for your child. We allot for time in the schedule to answer all your pediatric dental and financial questions. If we are running behind schedule, we apologize ahead of time, but we will always take the time to meet both you and your child&rsquo;s needs.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What should I use to clean my baby&#39;s teeth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>A toothbrush will remove plaque bacteria that can lead to decay. Any soft-bristled toothbrush with a small head,
preferably one designed specifically for infants, should be used at least once a day at bedtime.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>When should I take my child to the dentist for the first check-up?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>SIn order to prevent dental problems, your child should see a pediatric dentist when the first tooth appears, or no later
than his/her first birthday.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is the difference between a pediatric dentist and a family dentist?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Pediatric dentists are the pediatricians of dentistry. A pediatric dentist has two to three years specialty training
following dental school and limits his/her practice to treating children only. Pediatric dentists are primary and specialty
oral care providers for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health needs.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I find a pediatric dentist in my hometown?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Click on theÂ Find A Pediatric DentistÂ button located above. Enter your city, state and zip for a list of pediatric dentists
nearest you. If your entries result in &quot;no matching pediatric dentist records were found,&quot; broaden your search by
entering the state only or nearest city and state.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Are baby teeth really that important to my child?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Primary, or &quot;baby,&quot; teeth are important for many reasons. Not only do they help children speak clearly and chew
naturally, they also aid in forming a path that permanent teeth can follow when they are ready to erupt.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What should I do if my child has a toothache?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>First, rinse the irritated area with warm salt water and place a cold compress on the face if it is swollen. Give the child
acetaminophen for any pain, rather than placing aspirin on the teeth or gums. Finally, see a dentist as soon as
possible.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Are thumbsucking and pacifier habits harmful for a child&#39;s teeth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Thumb and pacifier sucking habits will generally only become a problem if they go on for a very long period of time.
Most children stop these habits on their own, but if they are still sucking their thumbs or fingers past the age of three,
a mouth appliance may be recommended by your pediatric dentist.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How can I prevent decay caused by nursing?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Avoid nursing children to sleep or putting anything other than water in their bed-time bottle. Also, learn the proper way
to brush and floss your child&#39;s teeth. Take your child to a pediatric dentist regularly to have his/her teeth and gums
checked. The first dental visit should be scheduled by your child&#39;s first birthday.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How often does my child need to see the pediatric dentist?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>A check-up every six months is recommended in order prevent cavities and other dental problems. However, your
pediatric dentist can tell you when and how often your child should visit based on their personal oral health.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Toothpaste: when should we begin using it and how much should we use?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The sooner the better! Starting at birth, clean your childâ€™s gums with a soft infant toothbrush or cloth and water.
Parents should use a tiny smear of fluoride toothpaste to brush baby teeth twice daily as soon as they erupt and a
soft, age-appropriate sized toothbrush. Once children are 3 to 6 years old, then the amount should be increased to a
pea-size dollop and perform or assist your childâ€™s toothbrushing. Remember that young children do not have the
ability to brush their teeth effectively. Â Children should spit out and not swallow excess toothpaste after brushing.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I make my child&#39;s diet safe for his teeth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Make sure your child has a balanced diet, including one serving each of: fruits and vegetables, breads and cereals,
milk and dairy products, and meat fish and eggs. Limiting the servings of sugars and starches will also aid in
protecting your child&#39;s teeth from decay. You can also ask your pediatric dentist to help you select foods that protect
your children&#39;s teeth.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do dental sealants work?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Sealants work by filling in the crevasses on the chewing surfaces of the teeth. This shuts out food particles that could
get caught in the teeth, causing cavities. The application is fast and comfortable and can effectively protect teeth for
many years.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I know if my child is getting enough fluoride?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Have your pediatric dentist evaluate the fluoride level of your child&#39;s primary source of drinking water. If your child is
not getting enough fluoride internally through water (especially if the fluoride level is deficient or if your child drinks
bottled water without fluoride), then your pediatric dentist may prescribe fluoride supplements.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What can I do to protect my child&#39;s teeth during sporting events?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Soft plastic mouthguards can be used to protect a child&#39;s teeth, lips, cheeks and gums from sport related injuries. A
custom-fitted mouthguard developed by a pediatric dentist will protect your child from injuries to the teeth, face and
even provide protection from severe injuries to the head.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What should I do if my child falls and knocks out a permanent tooth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The most important thing to do is to remain calm. Then find the tooth. Hold it by the crown rather than the root and try
to reinsert it in the socket. If that is not possible, put the tooth in a glass of milk and take your child and the glass
immediately to the pediatric dentist.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How safe are dental X-rays?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>There is very little risk in dental X-rays. Pediatric dentists are especially careful to limit the amount of radiation to
which children are exposed. Lead aprons and high-speed film are used to ensure safety and minimize the amount of
radiation.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How can parents help prevent tooth decay?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Parents should take their children to the dentist regularly, beginning with the eruption of the first tooth. Then, the
dentist can recommend a specific program of brushing, flossing, and other treatments for parents to supervise and
teach to their children. These home treatments, when added to regular dental visits and a balanced diet, will help give
your child a lifetime of healthy habits.</p>
</div></section>

</div>
',
			'before_id' => '42'
		)
	),
	(int) 16 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '37',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Crowns & Bridges',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_33_am_Crowns & Bridges.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#What_crown">What Is a crown ? </a></li>
	<li><a href="#Types_Crowns">Types of Crowns.</a></li>
	<li><a href="#What_is_a_bridge">What is a Bridge?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How_do_Bridges_Work">How do Bridge Work?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How_are_Crowns">How are Crowns and Bridges Made</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How_Long_do_Crowns">How Long do Crowns &amp; Bridges Last?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Suggestions_and_precautions">Suggestions &amp; Precautions</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/33">F.A.Q.s</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/43">Before and After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<p>Crowns and most of the bridges are fixed dental prosthetic devices that are cemented on the existing teeth or implants. These can be taken out by a dentist only.</p>

<h2><a name="What_crown"></a>What Is a Crown ?</h2>

<p>Crown is a fixed dental prosthetic device that is cemented on the existing teeth or implants. A crown or &quot;cap&quot; covers the entire surface of a damaged tooth. It not only strengthens a damaged tooth, it improves its appearance, shape or alignment as well. It may be placed on an implant too to give a tooth-like shape and structure for function. . Materials used to make a crown include&mdash;porcelain, ceramic, gold and metal alloys, and acrylic. Crowns made of porcelain or ceramic match the color of your natural teeth. As the alloys are stronger than porcelain they are preferred for back teeth.</p>

<p><strong>You may be recommended crown as a treatment option:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>As a replacement of a large filling if there isn&#39;t enough tooth left</li>
	<li>Prevent fracture in a weak tooth</li>
	<li>Repair a fractured tooth</li>
	<li>Connect a bridge</li>
	<li>Cover up a dental implant, discolored or poorly shaped tooth, or tooth after root canal treatment</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Types_Crowns"></a>Types of Crowns</h2>

<p>There are two types of crown--- prefabricated or custom made</p>

<p>Prefabricated crowns: These can be prepared from plastic or stainless steel. They are mostly used as a temporary restoration until a permanent crown is made. Rarely prefabricated crowns are used for permanent restoration. Prefabricated stainless steel crowns are mostly used in pediatric patients as a permanent restoration</p>

<p>Custom made crowns are made in laboratory using various materials and techniques or can be fabricated chairside using cad cam technique.Materials used to make crowns include metal [gold alloy, other alloys (palladium) or a base-metal alloy (nickel or chromium)], porcelain fused to metal (PFM), or ceramic. Crowns made of metals or PFM are tougher and preferred for back teeth. The life of a crown is at least 7 years, but they can last much longer (40 years or so). Some people may need endodontic or root canal treatment on the tooth before a crown. But everyone who needs a crown does not need a root canal treatment.</p>

<h3>After a Crown</h3>

<p>Following a crown there should be no discomfort or sensitivity in your tooth. However, if you have persistent pain or hot/cold sensitivity tell your dentist.</p>

<p>The gum line under your crowned tooth may appear to have a dark line especially after a PFM crown.</p>

<p>Remember that crowning of a tooth does not protect it from decay or gum disease. Crowns can last for the rest of your life. To increase the longevity of your crown maintain good oral hygiene. To maintain healthy teeth and gums brush with fluoride toothpaste (twice a day) and floss everyday and go for regular dental checkups and professional cleanings. Do not chew hard foods, ice or other hard objects to avoid damage to your new crown.</p>

<p>Crown can become loose or fall out. Food debris and bacteria can seep in from a damaged crown. The accumulation of food debris and growth of bacteria can lead to decay. Consult your dentist if your crown seems loose. If the crown falls out you can replace it temporarily and then consult your dentist. Your dentist may make a new crown or re-cement the old one itself on the tooth.</p>

<h2><a name="What_is_a_bridge"></a>What is a bridge?</h2>

<p>Bridges may be used to replace one or more missing teeth. They fill the space of the missing teeth. The bridge is attached or cemented to the existing natural teeth or implants around the unfilled space of the missing tooth/teeth. A traditional bridge has crown for each tooth on both sides of the space (the missing tooth/teeth) and false tooth/teeth in between the crowns. If the adjoining teeth on which the crown is placed are healthy and strong, they won&rsquo;t need root canal therapy. But a small part of the teeth may need to be removed so that the crown fits well.</p>

<p>Porcelain fused to metal (PFM) or ceramics are most often used to make traditional bridges.</p>

<p>Besides the traditional bridge other types of bridges are-- Cantilever bridges, Maryland bonded bridge. Your dentist will recommend the kind of bridge you need after examining your teeth. At least two dental visits are needed to make a bridge.</p>

<p>Bridges last at least five to seven years or can even last for the rest of your life. To increase the longevity of your crown maintain good oral hygiene. To maintain healthy teeth and gums brush with fluoride toothpaste (twice a day) and floss everyday and go for regular dental checkups and professional cleanings. Do not chew hard foods, ice or other hard objects to avoid damage to the bridge.</p>

<h2><a name="How_do_Bridges_Work"></a>How do Bridges Work?</h2>

<p>If you have one or more missing tooth a bridge may be advised. Missing teeth can cause-</p>

<p>Remaining teeth to rotate or shift into the unfilled space of the tooth/teeth and cause bad bite.<br />
Imbalance as a result of the missing teeth can lead to gum disease and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.</p>

<p>Bridges are commonly used to replace one or more missing teeth. They span the space where the teeth are missing. Bridges are cemented to the natural teeth or implants surrounding the empty space. These teeth, called abutments, serve as anchors for the bridge. A replacement tooth, called a pontic, is attached to the crowns that cover the abutments. As with crowns, you have a choice of materials for bridges. Your dentist can help you decide which to use, based on the location of the missing tooth (or teeth), its function, aesthetic considerations and cost. Porcelain or ceramic bridges can be matched to the color of your natural teeth .</p>

<h2><a name="How_are_Crowns"></a>How are Crowns and Bridges Made?</h2>

<p>Before either a crown or a bridge can be made, the tooth (or teeth) must be reduced in size so that the crown or bridge will fit over it properly. After reducing the tooth/teeth, your dentist will take an impression to provide an exact mold for the crown or bridge. If porcelain is to be used, your dentist will determine the correct shade for the crown or bridge to match the color of your existing teeth.</p>

<p>Using this impression, a dental lab then makes your crown or bridge, in the material your dentist specifies. A temporary crown or bridge will be put in place to cover the prepared tooth while the permanent crown or bridge is being made. When the permanent crown or bridge is ready, the temporary crown or bridge is removed, and the new crown or bridge is cemented over your prepared tooth or teeth.</p>

<h2>How Long do Crowns and Bridges Last?</h2>

<p>Crowns and bridges can last for the rest of your life. But they can become loose or fall out. To increase the longevity of your crown or bridge maintain good oral hygiene. The bridge can be damaged if the teeth or bone holding it in place are affected by dental disease. To maintain healthy teeth and gums brush with fluoride toothpaste (twice a day) and floss everyday and go for regular dental checkups and professional cleanings. Do not chew hard foods, ice or other hard objects to avoid damage to your new crown or bridge.</p>

<h2><a name="Suggestions_and_precautions"></a>Suggestions and precautions</h2>

<p><strong>Adjustment period</strong>: It is ok for the bridge to feel a little out of place for a few days after cementing. This is because the teeth around this area are adjusting to new forces both in between the teeth and upon biting.</p>

<p><strong>Preventive Procedures</strong>: To provide optimum longevity for your restorations and to prevent future decay and supporting-tissue breakdown, please use the following home care tips: Brush after eating and before bedtime around the bridge with a soft toothbrush, especially where the crown or bridge meets the gum line (margin). At this margin area harmful bacteria can be harboured to cause decay and gum disease. An electric toothbrush is highly recommended over manual to help you keep this area clean.</p>

<p>Floss at least once to twice a day. Use the proxy brush, floss threader or automatic flosser to remove plaque under and around these areas to maintain good oral hygiene. On a bridge you must clean &ldquo;under&rdquo; as well as around the bridge. If you do not control the buildup of food debris and plaque your teeth and gums can become infected.</p>

<p>Water Pik&trade; can be used with an antibacterial, alcohol free mouthwash at the gum line and under the bridge to keep this area healthy.</p>

<p>Fluoride rinse is to be used before bed. Swish the fluoride rinse vigorously in your mouth for at least one minute. Do not swallow any of the rinse and do not eat or drink anything for 30 minutes.</p>

<p>Use a proxybrush (interdental brush) to clean around the area after each meal.</p>

<p><strong>Chewing</strong>: Do not chew hard foods on the restorations for 24 hours from the time they were cemented &mdash; to attain optimum strength, the cement must mature for approximately 24 hours Also avoid eating or chewing on hard objects, food or ice Limit snacks, if high in sugar brush this area or swish with water.</p>

<p><strong>Sensitivity</strong>: Do not worry about mild sensitivity to hot or cold foods. This sensitivity will disappear gradually over a few weeks. Infrequently, sensitivity last longer than six weeks.</p>

<p><strong>Recare</strong>: Inadequate return for examination is the most significant reason for prostheses failure. Visit us at regular six-month examination periods. Often problems that are developing around the restorations can be found at an early stage where they can be corrected easily and will be more affordable. Waiting for a longer time may require re-doing the entire restoration.</p>

<p><strong>Problems</strong>: Call us immediately if any one of these conditions occurs: If the tooth is the first tooth to hit when you bite down after a couple of days, contact us for an adjustment; a feeling of movement or looseness in the restoration; sensitivity to sweet foods; a peculiar taste from the restoration site; Breakage of a piece of material from the restoration or sensitivity to pressure.</p>
',
			'my_token' => '6bnxo',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>Will people be able to tell if I have a dental crown or bridge?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Todayâ€™s crowns and bridges are made of natural-looking composite materials that make them virtually
indistinguishable from your natural teeth.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How Long Will They Last?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Both dental crowns and bridges will last a good long while, though how long depends on a few factors.
Good oral health requires you to brush and floss on a regular basis because oral hygiene should be your
number one priority if you want the procedures to last and be effective in the long run.You also need to avoid eating unhealthy foods that have a hard surface because it might damage the
crown or bridge. Avoid sticky foods to prevent decay and your crown or bridge should last from five to
fifteen years..</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How are crowns placed on teeth?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Crown placement is typically completed in two visits. First, we will remove a thin layer of enamel coating
and shape the tooth to provide room for the crown. This process allows the crown to be placed without
crowding neighboring teeth or creating an uneven bite. Then we make an impression of the teeth, which
is sent to an on-site lab where the crowns will be made from the most advanced materials for long-
lasting durability.The dentist will fit a temporary crown, which is crafted from resin, to protect your tooth while the
permanent crown is being made. At the second visit, the temporary crown will be removed and the
tooth will be carefully cleaned before the permanent crown is applied using a strong adhesive.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Some people having Crowns with black, darkened lines in between their gums and teeth. Are
they cause by Crown or Bridges?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The newer all porcelain crowns are an esthetic improvement over older, porcelain fused to metal
crowns as if the gumline would recede, the older crowns often showed a metal edge to the crown that originally was hidden from view. Since all porcelain crowns have no metal, no markings are evident if the
gum line recedes.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>If having a root canal and it is quite discolored, can Porcelain Crown be the best approach?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If a tooth that requires root canal therapy discolors, it is an indication that the nerve inside the tooth
had died and blood pigments have broken down and been absorbed into the calcified tooth structure.
By placing an all ceramic porcelain crown on the tooth, it can restore the tooth to match its neighbors.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Should I replace my old crowns?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If your crowns are worn down or damaged, give us a call so that we can plan replacements. We may
need to remove the crown and provide you with a new temporary crown until your new permanent
crowns are complete.

If youâ€™ve had your crowns for several years, you may be troubled by their aesthetics. Older materials
used to create crowns were not as natural-looking and lifelike as todayâ€™s modern crowns. Metal crowns
and porcelain-fused-to-metal may be a giveaway that youâ€™ve had dental work done, and we completely
understand that you want your smile to look its best.

We are happy to examine your teeth and provide a recommendation as to whether your crowns should
be replaced. Give our Sapperton Dental Clinic in New Westminster, BC a call to schedule your
evaluation.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Which foods should avoid for not damaging your Bridges?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Patients fitted with dental bridges are advised by dentists to avoid chewing extensively on foods such as
raw vegetables, hard candies, and ice. These foods can cause damage to the bridge, which may require
replacement if it cannot be repaired.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How many types of Dental Bridges?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Traditional Fixed Bridge: A dental bridge is a false tooth, known as a pontic, which is fused between two
porcelain crowns to fill in the area left by a missing tooth. This is known as a fixed bridge. This procedure
is used to replace one or more missing teeth. Fixed bridges cannot be taken out of your mouth as you
might do with removable partial dentures.
Resin Bonded Bridges: The resin bonded bridge is primarily used for your front teeth. Less expensive,
this bridge is best used when the abutment teeth are healthy and donâ€™t have large fillings. The false
tooth is fused to bands that are bonded to the abutment teeth with a resin which is hidden from view.
This type of bridge reduces the amount of preparation on the adjacent teeth.
Cantilever Bridges: In areas of your mouth that are under less stress, such as your front teeth, a
cantilever bridge may be used. Cantilever bridges are used when there are teeth on only one side of the
open space. This procedure involves anchoring the false tooth to one side over one or more natural and
adjacent teeth.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>Which foods should avoid with a temporary dental crown?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Because temporary crowns are made from acrylic, which is less strong than the metal, ceramic or
porcelain material of a permanent crown, you must take extra precautions. Limit the amount of chewing
you do on the side of your mouth where your temporary crown is located. Avoid chewing on hard
candies, nuts and very crunchy fresh vegetables such as carrots on the same side of the mouth as your
temporary crown. Until your permanent crown is in place, donâ€™t eat sticky desserts or candy, including
caramels, licorice, jelly beans, taffy, toffee and gummy bears, as they could pull the temporary crown off
your tooth. Avoid chewing gum for the same reason.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Which foods should avoid for permanent dental crowns?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Hot foods: Some individuals experience a mild-to-severe sensitivity in and around a crowned tooth
when eating hot foods, particularly if they are affected by gum recession. If the problem persists, consult
your dentist as the crownâ€™s fit may require adjustment.
Cold foods: Although they do not harm your crown, such foods can trigger sensitivity similar to that
caused by hot foods if any part of your gum recedes enough to expose the root above a crowned tooth.
Your dentist may suggest that you use a toothpaste made especially for sensitive teeth; such toothpaste
work by blocking the sensation traveling from the tooth to the nerves.
Sugary foods: Avoid constant exposure to sugary drinks, candy or gum, keep snacking to a minimum,
and brush or rinse your teeth after eating chewy or sticky foods such as dried fruit.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I care for my crowns and bridges?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>It is important to maintain excellent oral hygiene, making sure to brush and floss twice a day. Avoid
biting on hard foods like nuts and candy that can potentially fracture the restoration.</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
',
			'before_id' => '43'
		)
	),
	(int) 17 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '38',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Orthodontics ',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_44_am_Orthodontics.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#What_is_Orthodontics">What Is Orthodontics?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Who_Needs_Orthodontic_Treatment">Who Needs Orthodontic Treatment?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Why_Treat_Malocclusion">Why Treat Malocclusion?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How_Do_Braces_Work">How Do Braces Work?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Conditions_Requiring_Braces">Conditions Requiring Braces</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Benefits_of_Early_Detection_for_Orthodontic_Treatment">Benefits of Early Detection for Orthodontic Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Common_Malocclusion_Problems">Common Malocclusion Problems</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Causes_Leading_to_These_Conditions">Causes Leading to These Conditions</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Best_Age_for_Treatment">Best Age for Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Treatment_Procedure">Treatment Procedure</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Is_Tooth_Extraction_Essential">Is Tooth Extraction Essential?</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Treatment_Objective">Treatment Objective</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Types_of_Braces">Types of Braces</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Surgical_Orthodontics">Surgical Orthodontics</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Components_of_Braces">Components of Braces</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Types_of_Braces_Available">Types of Braces Available</a>
	<ul>
		<li><a href="#Metal_Braces">Metal Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Invisible_Braces">Invisible Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Ceramic_(Tooth_Colored)_Braces">Ceramic (Tooth Colored) Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Clear_Sapphire_Inspire!_Brand_Braces">Clear Sapphire Inspire! Brand Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Self-ligating_Braces">Self-ligating Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Lingual_Braces">Lingual Braces</a></li>
		<li><a href="#Fast_Braces_Or_The_Viazi">Fast Braces Or The Viazi</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="#Time_Required_For_Treatment">Time Required for Treatment</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Precautions_With_Braces">Precautions With Braces</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/38">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="/User/before_after_viwe/48">Before &amp; After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="Orthodontics"></a>What is Orthodontics?</h2>

<p>Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that deals with straightening and correcting the tooth alignment and the dental specialist who does this is called an &quot;Orthodontist&quot;.</p>

<h2><a name="Who_Needs"></a>Who Needs Orthodontic Treatment?</h2>

<p>Today children as well as adults are choosing to have orthodontic treatment since age is no longer a factor that governs the feasibility of the treatment. But as you grow older the duration of the treatment is increased since it is easier to shift and align teeth during the growth phase of the jaws. Orthodontic treatment corrects<br />
-malocclusion (bite or occlusion is off)<br />
-tooth malalignment (crooked teeth)</p>

<h2>Why Treat Malocclusion?</h2>

<p>Orthodontics is not only used to improve your appearance. Malocclusion or malaligned teeth can have long term effects, such as:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Interference with normal growth and development of the jaws.</li>
	<li>Abnormal swallowing patterns.</li>
	<li>Abnormal facial muscle function.</li>
	<li>Impairment of chewing.</li>
	<li>Speech defects.</li>
	<li>Susceptibility to cavities due to the difficulty of removing plaque from crooked teeth vulnerability to accidents or fractured teeth (if your front teeth stick out, they may be more easily injured).</li>
</ul>

<h2>How Do Braces Work?</h2>

<p>Teeth can slowly be moved and shifted into proper position by applying pressure in certain directions. Bands, wires and elastics are placed on the teeth to move them in the right direction. This takes place slowly and carefully over an extended period of time. Shifting teeth back into a functional position can take months to years, but eventually you&#39;ll have a new and improved mouth. Retainers are often used after the braces, to hold the teeth in their new position until they are stable. It is important to wear the braces or an appliance for however long it takes. If you quit at any point during treatment, the teeth can shift back into their old position.</p>

<h2>Conditions Requiring Braces</h2>

<p><strong>This is the most simple step of all. Just stand in front of the mirror and check out the following. Are your teeth:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>Crowded teeth</li>
	<li>Upper teeth protruding far ahead of the lower</li>
	<li>Lower teeth closing ahead of the upper this is called cross bite</li>
	<li>Upper rear teeth, i.e. chewing teeth, closing inside the lower teeth</li>
	<li>Teeth falling into extraction spaces</li>
	<li>Upper front teeth falling backwards and grinding against the lower teeth</li>
	<li>Lower teeth hitting the roof of the mouth behind the upper teeth on closing</li>
	<li>Pain in the jaw joint just ahead of the ear</li>
	<li>Clicking sound in the joint during opening and closing</li>
	<li>Seen from the side the lower jaw looks very small</li>
	<li>Seen from the side the lower jaw looks very large</li>
	<li>If one or more conditions exist. Then you need to consult an ORTHODONTIST</li>
</ul>

<h2>Benefits of Early Detection for Orthodontic Treatment</h2>

<p>A check-up with an orthodontist no later than age 7 for children who enable the orthodontist to detect and evaluate problems (if any), advise if treatment will be necessary, and determine the best time for that patient to be treated. Patients who have clear indications for early orthodontic intervention, early treatment presents an opportunity to:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Guide the growth of the jaw</li>
	<li>Regulate the width of the upper and lower dental arches</li>
	<li>Guide incoming permanent teeth into desirable positions</li>
	<li>Lower risk of trauma (accidents) to protruded upper incisors (front teeth)</li>
	<li>Correct harmful oral habits</li>
	<li>Reduce or eliminate abnormal swallowing or speech problems</li>
	<li>Improve personal appearance and self-esteem</li>
	<li>Potentially simplify and/or shorten treatment time for later corrective orthodontics</li>
	<li>Reduce likelihood of impacted permanent teeth</li>
	<li>Preserve or gain space for permanent teeth that are coming in</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Healthy teeth can be moved at almost any age. Many orthodontic problems can be corrected for adults as children. Orthodontic forces move the teeth in the same way for both a 75-year-old adult and a 12-year-old child. However for adults, complicating factors such as lack of jaw growth, may create special treatment planning needs.</p>

<h2>Common Malocclusion Problems</h2>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/123677088.JPG" style="height:129px; width:197px" />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/124ceb727.JPG" style="height:123px; width:200px" /></p>

<p>Deep Bite &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Crooked Teeth</p>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/125a248b2.JPG" style="height:120px; width:202px" />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1264cd3b3.JPG" style="height:120px; width:202px" /></p>

<p>Flared Anterior Teeth &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Cross Bite of Back Teeth</p>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1273b1bae.JPG" style="height:155px; width:235px" />&nbsp;&nbsp; <img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1282a6a8b.JPG" style="height:155px; width:235px" /></p>

<p>Open Bite &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Reverse Bite</p>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/12978b090.JPG" style="height:155px; width:235px" /><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1307595f2.JPG" style="height:155px; width:235px" /></p>

<p>Cross Bite of Front Teeth &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Spacing</p>

<h2>Causes Leading to These Conditions</h2>

<p>1. Genetic and 2. Acquired</p>

<p><strong>Genetic</strong> Conditions are inherited from either or both parents. The person may have large tooth size from one parent and a small jaw size from another. These then produce a situation wherein the teeth either protrude out or are arranged in a haphazard crowded manner. A large or small lower jaw may be inherited from one parent and upper face may be from another. Thus causing disproportion in the face.</p>

<p><strong>Acquired</strong> conditions are generally associated with the growing years specially when the milk teeth are falling off and new permanent teeth are taking their place. Teeth which fall off before their time must be replaced with space maintainers to hold the space for the successor tooth. Otherwise the space may get filled up by the adjacent teeth leaving no place for the new tooth to grow into. Teeth which stay on in the gums even when their successors have erupted need to be removed so that their place may be rightfully taken by the successor tooth.</p>

<p>The milk teeth have a very important role to play and must be preserved and looked after till they fall off. Decay and early loss must be taken care of at the earliest.</p>

<p>Habits such as thumb sucking and tongue thrusting can lead to conditions requiring treatment with braces, These habits need to be corrected at the earliest to avoid major problems with the teeth and the supporting bones.</p>

<p>It is best to visit the ORTHODONTIST during the age of 8 to 11 year. This is the period when the teeth in the mouth are a mix of the milk and permanent teeth.</p>

<h2>Best Age for Treatment</h2>

<p>Humans are blessed with two sets of teeth in a life time. The milk teeth for the child years and the permanent teeth for the adult age. The transition from milk teeth to the permanent teeth takes place over a period of time usually from 6 years to 13 years of age. Most problems develop during this period. It is good to see a specialist ORTHODONTIST during this period.</p>

<p>Conditions requiring braces for treatment can be prevented to a good extent, and those conditions which have appeared can be prevented from growing in severity during this transition period from the milk to the permanent teeth. It is a good idea to start early and try to reduce the severity of the problems which have developed.</p>

<p>Problems to be treated with braces are problems of the growing child. These are best treated during the growing years. Children grow very fast at puberty. There are two periods well recognized for treatment. These are the pre puberty and the post puberty growth periods. These are the best times to treat as changes in the face can best be achieved at these times.</p>

<p>However, treatment with braces can be taken at any time. The age is not the guiding factor. What is important is the nature of the problem to be treated and the condition of the teeth and their supporting structures. That is if the gums and the holding soft bone are healthy, braces can be prescribed if indicated. Best bet is to consult the ORTHODONTIST.</p>

<p>Fixed Braces are never placed on milk teeth.</p>

<h2>Treatment Procedure</h2>

<p>The treatment would generally consist of the following steps:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Consultation</li>
	<li>Records and investigations, consisting of x rays and plaster models and history</li>
	<li>Case analysis and case discussion, treatment planning</li>
	<li>Completion of all general dental work like filling and extractions</li>
	<li>Fabrication of appliances and fitting</li>
	<li>Follow up visits till treatment goals are achieved</li>
	<li>Models and x rays to compare with the record and evaluate the result. End of active treatment</li>
	<li>Retention appliance. To retain the result and allow setting down</li>
</ol>

<h2>Is Tooth Extraction Essential?</h2>

<p>The diagnosis is the most important part. It is very essential to understand the nature of the problem being treated. Once that is done the treatment plan decides the requirement of the appliance.</p>

<p>If the diagnosis indicates it, it is essential to extract some teeth for the purpose of the treatment. This should not cause any alarm, It is an internationally accepted procedure and the decision to extract is taken with all considerations in mind.</p>

<p>Imagine a school bench meant for four children that gets occupied by six. The result is that the children have to sit haphazardly. If the teacher were to insist on order, then either the bench would have to be made bigger or the number of children reduced. In the mouth, a similar situation arises, since the jaw bones can not be made to grow to take all the teeth, some teeth have to be reduced in number for the others to be arranged perfectly well.</p>

<p>The decision is always made according to the space available in the bone as compared to the space required by the teeth to be arranged perfectly. If the space available for the teeth is less, then some teeth will have to be removed to adjust the arrangement of the teeth in the mouth.</p>

<h2>Treatment Objective</h2>

<p>A well treated case will have teeth well set with no spaces in between them, no rotations, near perfect setting (almost like in a denture) roots well aligned and paralleled, no cross bites, teeth well angulated and perfectly tipped not tilted too far back. This will add to the beauty of the smile and help retain the teeth for a long time without decay and gum problems.</p>

<h2>Types of Braces</h2>

<p>Braces are generally of two types:</p>

<p>1. Removable braces and 2. Fixed Braces</p>

<p>The removable braces as their name suggests, can be removed from and placed in the mouth by the patient. They are made of wire and plastic and are made outside the mouth on the plaster models of the mouth of the patient.</p>

<p>Removable braces require a great amount of co operation from the patient in order to produce the result. It is not possible to control the movement of each tooth of the patient during the treatment. The present day specialists do not prefer to treat with removable braces because of lack of patient co operation and inefficiency of the appliance system.</p>

<p>The fixed brace as their name suggests are fixed to the teeth and can not be removed by the patient at his own free will. They are made of steel or ceramic and represent the greatest of advances in technology.</p>

<p>Fixed braces do not solely depend on the co operation of the patient. The result is excellent as they provide control on individual teeth. The part that is fixed to the tooth is called a BRACKET for the front teeth and a TUBE for the molar or posterior teeth. Both the bracket and the tube are examples of the ultimate in engineering and technology.</p>

<p>The wires that are used are a fall out of the alloys used in space research. Alloys such as Nickel &ndash; Titanium and Copper and Nickel Titanium help move teeth into perfect position. These wires are very comfortable and exert very comfortable forces over a long period of time thus reducing the number of visits.</p>

<p>The latest wires are thermal sensitive. They go soft at low temperature and harden up as the temperature rises in the mouth thus delivering constant force.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/131379da9.JPG" style="height:144px; width:300px" /><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/132d02d15.JPG" style="height:143px; width:253px" /></p>

<p>Removable Appliance | Fixed Appliance</p>

<h2>Surgical Orthodontics</h2>

<p>Surgery is a new dimension that has been added to Orthodontics. This is a combination procedure carried out by the Orthodontist and the Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgeon, another dental specialist, to produce the best possible result for the patient.</p>

<p>There are some defects that may require surgery to correct to perfection. These are generally related to large jaws and open bite cases. With the advent of adult treatment the number of cases going up for final surgical correction is increasing. Teeth can be moved with Braces. But when the problem involves the bones of the face, they have to be set surgically.</p>

<p>The need for final correction with surgery is generally determined at the diagnosis stage. However, it is always treatment with braces before surgical correction.</p>

<h2>Components of Braces</h2>

<p>Braces are a complete force system capable of generating and transferring force to move teeth and align them in perfect positions. Braces consist of TUBES that are attached on the grinding or molar teeth and BRACKETS which are attached to all the rest of the teeth, premolars, canines and incisors, in the mouth. The BRACKET and the TUBES hold the WIRE which transmit the forces to the teeth. Sometimes elastics made of latex are used to generate extra force in the appliance. Teeth can be moved every which way-up, down, left, right, rotated, and pushed into the bone. In short everything that is needed to give the perfect setting to the teeth.</p>

<h2>Types of Braces Available</h2>

<h3>Metal Braces</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/133c2a4aa.JPG" style="height:111px; width:167px" />Metal brackets are the ones that are most frequently used. They appear as small metal buttons that are glued to the front of each tooth. These tend to be less expensive than other types of brackets. Additionally, they can be made colorful with ligature rubber bands that come in a wide range of colors.</p>

<p>A major drawback of these braces is there color which makes its use very limited in cases of adult orthodontics.</p>

<h3>Invisible Braces</h3>

<h3><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/13479e7cc.JPG" style="height:117px; width:400px" />Invisible braces or Invisalign is a great treatment option for people who do not have severe problems and are concerned with esthetics during the treatment. Instead of bonding brackets to the tooth, a series of strong plastic trays are fabricated.</h3>

<p>Disadvantages of &quot;Invisible Braces&quot;</p>

<ol>
	<li>More expensive than metal braces</li>
	<li>Not suitable for all cases</li>
</ol>

<h3>Ceramic (Tooth Colored) Braces</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1351bc255.JPG" style="height:97px; width:199px" />Ceramic braces are very similar to metal braces in their function. The only difference is that the brackets are tooth colored. These brackets are nearly as strong as the metal counterparts and so they can treat almost all of the same cases (some exceptions exist).</p>

<p>Ceramic brackets are made of composite materials. They are very strong and generally do not stain. Adults like to choose ceramic because they &quot;blend in&quot; with the teeth and are less noticeable than metal. The ligatures (tiny rubber bands) that hold the arch wire on to the ceramic brackets are often white or clear. This looks great at first, but the ligatures can stain. Unless you eat a lot of curry, smoke, or drink a lot of black coffee, this generally isn&#39;t a problem. Note that the ligatures are changed each time you get an adjustment -- usually, monthly. It&#39;s only the ligatures that stain, not the brackets themselves!</p>

<h3>Clear Sapphire Inspire! Brand Braces</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/136466643.JPG" style="height:97px; width:198px" /> Inspire brand brackets, are made of pure monocrystalline sapphire and are very translucent. They are very strong and do not stain. If your teeth are already very white, then Inspire braces will look best on you and seem to &quot;disappear&quot; on your teeth. If your teeth are less than white, they may tend to stand out (in this case, the Ceramic brackets would be a better choice). The pros and cons for Sapphire brackets are the same as those for Ceramic brackets.</p>

<h3>Self-ligating Braces</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/137e3f047.JPG" style="max-width:320px" />Self-ligating Braces are brackets that do not need the elastic bands to hold the wire to the brackets. Instead, each bracket has a sliding door locking mechanism to hold the wire. The brackets allow the wire to slide back and forth which means fewer adjustments and, therefore, fewer appointments.</p>

<h3>Lingual Braces</h3>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/138c53854.JPG" style="max-width:320px" />For those patients who want complete &ldquo;obscurity,&rdquo; lingual braces may be an option. Lingual braces are applied to the inside surfaces of the teeth. Many people (especially professionals such as lawyers, doctors and sales representatives) opt for these &ldquo;hidden&rdquo; braces. It&rsquo;s important to discuss this option with an orthodontist as lingual braces are not applicable to all orthodontic problems.</p>

<p>Lingual braces are attached to the inside or lingual side of the teeth which makes them completely non-visible. Lingual orthodontics particularly well-suited for adults whose professions keep them in the public eyes. Lingual braces are designed and fabricated using new CAD/CAM and rapid prototyping technologies. The brackets are made out of a highly durable, dental-gold alloy. The precision wires are designed and bent to your specifications using robotic technology.</p>

<p>Usually, lingual brackets are made of metal.</p>

<h2>Who Can Wear Lingual Braces:</h2>

<ul>
	<li>People concerned about damaging the front surfaces of their teeth</li>
	<li>Those who don&rsquo;t want their braces to show</li>
	<li>Adult professionals</li>
	<li>Athletes involved in contact sports</li>
	<li>Musicians who play wind instruments</li>
</ul>

<h2>Drawbacks of lingual braces:</h2>

<ol>
	<li>They tend to hurt your tongue and make it difficult to speak at first</li>
	<li>more expensive than traditional metal, because treatment is specialized</li>
	<li>Treatment may be longer than traditional braces</li>
	<li>Not every orthodontist does lingual treatment</li>
	<li>lingual treatment may not be applicable for all types of cases</li>
</ol>

<p>Metal braces are the most widely used system of straitening teeth. Small metal brackets are bonded to the tooth with a wire passing through them. The wire is usually held tightly to the brackets with small elastic o-shaped rubber bands. The rubber bands can be metal colored (the most discreet) or colorful, depending on what you like. Metal brackets are very strong and can withstand most types of treatment. They tend to be the most inexpensive treatment and can treat the most severe cases.</p>

<p>Metal brackets can be silver or golden. The golden brackets look a bit more &quot;jewelry-like&quot; and are often a popular choice with young women.</p>

<p>Metal brackets are very strong and can withstand most types of treatment. At first they may irritate your gums, but after a few weeks, when your cheeks get &quot;toughened up&quot; they are not a problem anymore. Most traditional metal braces require an elastic o-shaped rubber band, called a ligature to hold the arch wire onto the bracket. Sometimes orthodontists use metal tie wires (little wires which are twisted around the bracket) in place of elastic ligatures.</p>

<h2>Fast Braces Or The Viazi</h2>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/1392ee2d3.JPG" style="height:289px; width:235px" /> A different type of metal bracket is called the Viazi (or Viazis) bracket, sometimes called &quot;FastBraces.&quot; It uses triangular brackets and square wires instead of round wires used with traditional brackets. With Viazi braces the crown and root of the teeth are moved at the same time and comparatively less force is used which causes less pain.</p>

<h2>Time Required for Treatment</h2>

<p>Time for treatment varies from case to case. However, treatment with braces is a very transparent procedure. One can easily stand in front of the mirror with the pre treatment plaster models in the hand and check out the progress of the treatment at any given point in time.</p>

<p>There is no known method to predict the exact time for the treatment. The estimates given are on the basis of past experience of treating similar cases.</p>

<p>There may be some cases which show slow progress, however, no treatment goes on just endlessly without showing any significance.</p>

<h2>Precautions With Braces</h2>

<p>After braces are placed in the mouth it is normal for the teeth to be sore for about 1 to 3 days. . Some irritation to the cheeks and/or lips is normal.</p>

<p>There may be some discomfort at the beginning of the treatment and when new wires are placed on the teeth, some wire may poke at the soft tissues of the mouth. These are very small problem and can be attended to instantly.</p>

<p>A careful orthodontic patient can probably eat almost any food and do no damage to their appliances. However, these food may cause trouble so please do not eat hard foods: nuts, ice, whole apples and carrots (cut them into pieces first), hard French bread crust and rolls, spareribs, corn on the cob (cut the corn off the cob before eating), and popcorn. These foods risk breaking brackets and wires. Also beware of nail biting and pen or pencil chewing habits, since these can damage your braces. Do not eat sticky foods: taffy, caramels, bubble gum, and sticky candy of any sort. Use common sense about most foods.</p>

<h3>Absolutely no:</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Sticky Foods (sugarless or otherwise):
	<ul>
		<li>Gum</li>
		<li>Caramels</li>
		<li>Sugar Daddies</li>
		<li>Starbursts</li>
		<li>Caramel Apples</li>
		<li>Sugar Babies</li>
		<li>Licorice</li>
		<li>Toffee</li>
		<li>Tootsie Rolls</li>
		<li>Etc.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>Hard Foods:
	<ul>
		<li>Jolly Ranchers</li>
		<li>Jaw Breakers</li>
		<li>Lolli-pops</li>
		<li>Nuts</li>
		<li>Bagels</li>
		<li>Apples (unless cut up)</li>
		<li>Pizza Crusts</li>
		<li>Carrots (uncooked, unless cut up)</li>
		<li>Doritos</li>
		<li>Pretzels</li>
		<li>Etc.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ul>
',
			'my_token' => 'be3o9',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I just leave my teeth the way they are?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>For the majority of patients we see at our specialist dental clinic, the motivation for embarking on orthodontal treatment is cosmetic. There are, however, other implications associated with crooked or crowded teeth; efficient cleaning, for example, is difficult and inflamed gums a routine complication. An additional benefit of re-aligning your teeth is a functional and well-balanced bite: when the teeth are straight, they can play their intended role in the chewing and biting process.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What does tooth straightening treatment involve?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>During your consultation with Dr. Ramesh Gupta, our highly experienced orthodontist, every aspect of your treatment will be discussed in detail before an individualised plan is agreed on.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will it hurt?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>At Smile By Design, we prioritise making dental treatment as pain-free as possible. The appliances may feel strange and a little uncomfortable at first, but not painful.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the risks?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>It is important to be vigilant in the care of your teeth during your treatment as food can get trapped in the braces causing more than the usual amount of plaque to accumulate; left untreated, this could permanently harm your teeth. Dr Ramesh Gupta, will give you guidance on an effective home-care oral hygiene regime to avoid such damage.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long will it take?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>This will depend entirely on your individual case. Simple cases may be completed within six months, but most will take 12 to 24 months.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Why should an orthodontic specialist complete my
treatment?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Teeth, and sometimes entire facial structures, are permanently changed by orthodontic
treatment. It is important that the treatment be appropriate and properly completed.
Orthodontic specialists have extensive and specialized training that enables them to
provide their patients with professional, personalized treatments.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>At what age should I schedule an appointment for an
orthodontic screening?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The American Association of Orthodontists recommends an orthodontic screening at
age 7. For most children, several permanent teeth have erupted by this age, allowing
the orthodontist to effectively evaluate the patientâ€™s orthodontic condition.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Will my teeth straighten out as I grow and get older?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>No, they will not. The space available for the front teeth does not increase as you grow.
In most people, after the permanent molars erupt, the space available for the front teeth
decreases with age.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is it too late to have braces if Iâ€™m already an adult?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>No patient is &quot;too old&quot; to wear braces! A surprising percentage of our patients
are adults. In fact, 25 percent of all orthodontic patients are adults. Health and
happiness are vitally important to adults, and orthodontic treatment can increase
your self-esteem at any age.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How long will it take to complete treatment?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Overall treatment time depends on each patient&#39;s specific orthodontic problem(s). In
general, treatment times range from 12 to 30 months. The &quot;average&quot; timespan a patient
wears braces is approximately 22 months.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How often will I have an appointment?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Appointments are scheduled according to each patient&#39;s needs. Most patients in braces
will be seen every five to 10 weeks. If there are specific situations that require more
frequent monitoring, we will schedule appointments accordingly.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I drop my child off for an appointment?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes. We understand your schedule is busy, and we are happy to help you make the
most of your time. On some occasions, we may request to speak with a parent when
they return, so we ask that parents check-in with their patient manager before dropping
off their child.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Does wearing braces hurt?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Generally, braces do not &quot;hurt.&quot; After certain appointments, your teeth may be sore for a
few days. In these situations, over-the-counter pain medications, such as Advil or
Tylenol, will ease the discomfort. However, after most visits, patients do not feel any
soreness at all! We often remind our patients, â€œIt does not have to hurt to work!â€</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Can I still play sports or play my instrument while
wearing braces?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes! We recommend that patients wear mouthguards while playing sports. Musicians
will likely experience an adjustment period until they are comfortable playing while
wearing braces.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Do I need to see my general dentist while wearing
braces?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes! Regular check-ups with your general dentist are important while in braces. Your
dentist will determine the intervals between each cleaning appointment while you have
your braces.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How often should I brush my teeth while I have braces?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Patients should brush their teeth at least four times each day â€“ after each meal and
before going to bed. We will also show you how to floss your teeth with braces, and we
may provide a prescription for a special fluoride treatment, if necessary.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Are there any foods I cannot eat while I have braces?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes. Once treatment begins, we will explain our complete instructions and provide you
with a comprehensive list of foods to avoid. Some of those foods include ice, hard
candy, raw vegetables and all sticky foods (i.e. caramel and taffy). You can avoid most
repair appointments by carefully following our instructions!</p>
</div></section>

</div>
',
			'before_id' => '48'
		)
	),
	(int) 18 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '43',
			'pre_cat' => '21',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Tooth Whitening',
			'image' => '2016-12-21_02_55_am_Tooth-Whitening.png',
			'description' => '<h3>Tooth Whitening - makes your smile sparkle</h3>

<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Bleaching_vs_Whitening">Bleaching vs Whitening</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Why_Teeth_Whitening_Examining_Enamel_">Why Tooth Whitening? Examining Enamel</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Tooth_Discoloration_:_The_Two_Types_of_Tooth_Stains_">Tooth Discoloration : The Two Types of Tooth Stains</a></li>
	<li><a href="#What_Causes_Tooth_Staining_">What Causes Tooth Staining</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Teeth_Whitening_Options_">Teeth Whitening Options</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Hydrogen_Peroxide_vs_Carbamide_Peroxide_">Hydrogen Peroxide vs Carbamide Peroxide</a></li>
	<li><a href="#In-Office_Teeth_Whitening_">In-Office Teeth Whitening</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Deep_Bleaching_">Deep Bleaching</a></li>
	<li><a href="#At-Home_Teeth_Whitening_(Bleaching)_">At-Home Teeth Whitening</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Pre-Bleaching_Instructions_">Pre-Bleaching Instructions</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Bleaching_Instructions_">Bleaching Instructions</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Making_the_Most_of_Bleaching_">Making the Most of Bleaching</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Teeth_Whitening_Risks_">Teeth Whitening Risks</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Maintaining_Your_White_Smile_">Maintaining Your Whiter Smile</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Caveats">Caveats</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/43">F.A.Q.</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/24">Before and After Photographs</a></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Introduction</h2>
<a class="pglnk" name="Introduction"></a>
<p>Often, people with stained or discolored teeth may just need a whitening procedure in order to restore their smile.</p>

<p>People with stained or dull teeth usually benefit from whitening, which is a safe and effective way to brighten stained, discolored or dull teeth. Even a stubborn single tooth that is noticeably duller or less white than your other teeth or a teeth that had R.C.T. can be individually brightened.</p>

<p>Teeth bleaching products, which contain peroxides, actually change your natural tooth color anywhere from five to seven -- but even up to twelve shades brighter.</p>

<h4>According to an American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry national survey:</h4>

<ul>
	<li>Virtually all adults (99.7%) believe a smile is an important social asset.</li>
	<li>96% of adults believe an attractive smile makes a person more appealing to the members of opposite sex.</li>
	<li>Three - quarters (74%) of adults feel an unattractive smile can hurt a person&#39;s chances of career success.</li>
	<li>And when respondents were asked,&quot;What would you most like to improve about your smile?&quot; The most common response was : Whiter and Brighter Teeth.</li>
</ul>

<p>If you are not happy with your smile, and are interested in brightening your smile, have your teeth evaluated by us. Not everyone is a good candidate for bleaching. In some cases of serious discoloration and pitted teeth, for example, <u> veneers</u> may be more appropriate than bleaching. Moreover, crowns, bridges and fillings do not bleach, so it may be necessary to replace dental work to make it blend with the new color of your bleached teeth. If you already have one or more crowns on your upper front teeth, and you want to have all the teeth brightened - including the crowns - be sure to bleach the natural teeth surrounding the crowns first. It makes easier for your dentist to match the shade of your crowns to your natural teeth than it is to bleach the natural teeth to match the shade of a porcelain crown. Bleaching in adults generally causes little, if any, discomfort. However in children 8 to 13 years, bleaching may cause pain because of large pulp chamber.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Bleaching vs Whitening</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Bleaching_vs_Whitening"></a>

<p>According to the FDA, the term &quot;bleaching&quot; is permitted to be used only when the teeth can be whitened beyond their natural color. This applies strictly to products that contain bleach ---- typically hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide.</p>

<p>The term &quot;whitening&quot; on the other hand, refers to restoring a tooth&#39;s surface color by removing dirt and debris. So any product that cleans ( like toothpaste ) is considered a whitener. Of course, the term whitening sounds better than bleaching, so it is more&nbsp; frequently used ---- even when describing products that contain bleach.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Why Teeth Whitening? Examining Enamel</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Why_Teeth_Whitening_Examining_Enamel_"></a>

<p>Most of us start out with sparkling white teeth, thanks to their porcelain-like enamel surface. Composed of microscopic crystalline rods, tooth enamel is designed to protect the teeth from the effects of chewing, gnashing, trauma and acid attacks caused by sugar. But over the years enamel is worn down, becoming more transparent and permitting the yellow color of dentin -- the tooth&#39;s core material -- to show through.</p>

<p>During routine chewing, dentin remains intact while millions of micro-cracks occur in the enamel. It is these cracks, as well as the spaces between the crystalline enamel rods, that gradually fill up with stains and debris. As a result, the teeth eventually develop a dull, lackluster appearance.</p>

<p>Teeth whitening removes the stains and debris, leaving the enamel cracks open and exposed. Some of the cracks are quickly re-mineralized by saliva, while others are filled up again with organic debris.</p>

<h2> Tooth Discoloration : The Two Types of Tooth Stains</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Tooth_Discoloration_:_The_Two_Types_of_Tooth_Stains_"></a>

<p>There are two categories of staining as it relates to the teeth : extrinsic staining and intrinsic staining.</p>

<p>Extrinsic stains are those that appear on the surface of the teeth as a result of exposure to dark-colored beverages, foods and tobacco, and routine wear and tear. Superficial extrinsic stains are minor and can be removed with brushing and prophylactic dental cleaning. Stubborn extrinsic stains can be removed with more involved efforts, like teeth bleaching. Persistent extrinsic stains can penetrate into the dentin and become ingrained if they are not dealt with early.</p>

<p>Intrinsic stains are those that form on the interior of teeth. Intrinsic stains result from trauma, aging, exposure to minerals ( like tetracycline ) during tooth formation and / or excessive ingestion of fluoride. In the past, it was thought that intrinsic stains were too resistant to be corrected by bleaching. Today, cosmetic dentistry experts believe that even deep-set intrinsic stains can be removed with supervised take-home teeth whitening that is maintained over a matter of months or even a year.</p>

<h2> What Causes Tooth Staining?</h2><a class="pglnk" name="What_Causes_Tooth_Staining_"></a>

<p>Age : There is direct correlation between tooth color and age. Over the years, teeth darken as a result of wear and tear and stain accumulation. Teenagers will likely experience immediate, dramatic results from whitening. In the twenties, as the teeth begin to show a yellow cast, teeth-whitening may require a little more effort. By the forties, the yellow gives way to brown and more maintenance may be called for. By the fifties, the teeth have absorbed a host of stubborn stains which can prove difficult ( but not impossible ) to remove.</p>

<p>Starting color : We are all equipped with an inborn tooth color that ranges from yellow-brownish to greenish-grey, and intensifies over time. Yellow-brown is generally more responsive to bleaching than green-gray.</p>

<p>Translucency and thinness : These are also genetic traits that become more pronounced with age. While all teeth show some translucency, those that are opaque and thick have an advantage: they appear lighter in color, show more sparkle and are responsive to bleaching. Teeth that are thinner and more transparent -- most notably the front teeth -- have less of the pigment that is necessary for bleaching. According to cosmetic dentists, transparency is the only condition that cannot be corrected by any form of teeth whitening.</p>

<p>Eating habits : The habitual consumption of red wine, coffee, tea, cola, carrots, oranges and other deeply-colored beverages and foods causes considerable staining over the years. In addition, acidic foods such as citrus fruits and vinegar contribute to enamel erosion, As a result, the surface becomes more transparent and more of the yellow-colored dentin shows through.</p>

<p>Smoking habits : Nicotine leaves brownish deposits which slowly soak into the tooth structure and causes intrinsic discoloration.</p>

<p>Drugs / chemicals : Tetracycline usage during tooth formation produces dark grey or brown ribbon stains which are very difficult to remove. Excessive consumption of fluoride causes fluorosis and associated areas of white mottling.</p>

<p>Grinding : Most frequently caused by stress, teeth grinding ( gnashing, bruxing, etc. ) can add to micro-cracking in the teeth and can cause the biting edges to darken.</p>

<p>Trauma : Falls and other injuries can produce sizable cracks in the teeth, which collect large amounts of stains and debris.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2> Teeth Whitening Options</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Teeth_Whitening_Options_"></a>

<p>Three major teeth whitening options are available today. All three rely on varying concentrations of peroxide and varying application times.</p>

<p>In-Office Whitening</p>

<p>Significant color change in a short period of time is the major benefit of in-office whitening. This protocol involves the carefully controlled use of a relatively high-concentration peroxide gel, applied to the teeth by the dentist or trained technician after the gums have been protected with a paint-on rubber dam. Generally, the &nbsp; peroxide remains on the teeth for several 15 to 20 minute intervals that add up to an hour ( at most ). Those with particularly stubborn staining may be advised to return for one or more additional bleaching sessions ,or may be asked to continue with a home-use whitening system.</p>

<h5>Professionally Dispensed Take-Home Whitening Kits</h5>

<p>Many dentists are of the opinion that professionally dispensed take-home whitening kits can produce the best results over the long haul. Take-home kits incorporate an easy-to-use lower-concentration peroxide gel that remains on the teeth for an hour or longer ( sometimes overnight ) . The lower the peroxide percentage, the longer it may safely remain on the teeth. The gel is applied to the teeth using custom-made bleaching trays that resemble mouth guards.</p>

<h5>Over-the-Counter Whitening</h5>

<p>The cheapest and most convenient of the teeth whitening options,&nbsp; over-the-counter bleaching involves the use of a store-bought whitening kit, featuring a bleaching gel with a concentration lower than that of the professionally dispensed take-home whiteners. The gel is applied to the teeth via one-size-fits-all trays, whitening strips or paint-on applicators. In many cases this may only whiten a few of the front teeth unlike custom trays that can whiten the entire smile.</p>

<h2> Hydrogen Peroxide vs Carbamide Peroxide</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Hydrogen_Peroxide_vs_Carbamide_Peroxide_"></a>

<p>The bleach preference for in-office whitening, where time is limited, is powerful and fast-acting hydrogen peroxide. When used in teeth bleaching, hydrogen peroxide concentrations range from approximately 9% to 40%.</p>

<p>By contrast, the bleach of preference for at-home teeth whitening is slower acting carbamide peroxide, which breaks down into hydrogen peroxide. Carbamide peroxide has about a third of the strength of hydrogen peroxide. This means that a 15% solution of carbamide peroxide is the rough equivalent of a 5% solution of hydrogen peroxide.</p>

<h2> In-Office Teeth Whitening</h2><a class="pglnk" name="In-Office_Teeth_Whitening_"></a>

<p>Professional teeth whitening is the most popular cosmetic dental procedure in the world today. Unlike home-use whitening systems that incorporate low-dose bleaching agents, in-office whitening ( also known as power bleaching, power whitening, professional whitening or chairside whitening ) takes place under carefully monitored conditions which allow for the safe, controlled, pain-free use of a relatively high concentration of bleaching gel ----- yielding results that are visible immediately.</p>

<p>In office bleaching can be done for vital and also non vita teeth. Bleaching live or vital teeth involves coating the outside of teeth with a chemical solution &ndash; the oxidizing agent - and exposing them to heat and light for 20-30 minutes. First, however the dentist usually isolate the teeth being treated with a rubber dam which protect the gums from discomfort and irritation.</p>

<p>Bleaching non vital teeth are actually easier to bleach than vital teeth. One method of bleaching these teeth involves reopening the canal, placing a bleaching solution inside, and resealing the canal with a temporary filling. The bleaching process continues until the agent is removed and can be repeated until satisfactory lightening takes place.</p>

<h5>Advantages of In-Office Whitening</h5>

<ul>
	<li>No other teeth whitening procedure produces faster results.</li>
	<li>This is safest form of tooth bleaching.</li>
	<li>Gum and tooth sensitivity ( formerly drawbacks to in-office bleaching ) are more controllable today due to thicker peroxide gels ( that don&#39;t soak into the teeth as much as previous gels ) and the use of desensitizers such as potassium nitrate and fluoride.</li>
</ul>

<h5>Disadvantages of In-Office Whitening</h5>

<ul>
	<li>In-office bleaching is more expensive than take-home alternatives. Its cost, on average, is 12000/- compared to 7500/- for take home trays.</li>
	<li>Results can be unpredictable, depending on factors such as age, heredity and the type of staining that is present.</li>
</ul>

<p>Stains That are Best Removed with In-Office Whitening</p>

<p>Chairside whitening removes organic stains or discolorations primarily caused by:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Aging. Over time the teeth darken with a yellow, brown, green or grey cast ( which may be due to heredity and / or eating habits ). Yellowed teeth tend to&nbsp; whiten most readily.</li>
	<li>Consumption of certain foods ( notably coffee, red wine, sodas and dark-colored vegetables and fruits ).</li>
	<li>Tobacco use.</li>
</ul>

<h5>Stains Resistant to In-Office Whitening</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Teeth with certain stains - typically those that are inorganic - do not respond well to in-office whitening. In fact, these teeth may look even darker after the surrounding teeth have been whitened.</li>
	<li>Trauma, which causes the dentin to darken.</li>
	<li>Tetracycline antibiotics ingested during tooth-formation. These drugs chemically bind with the crystalline structure of both the tooth&#39;s enamel and underlying dentin.</li>
</ul>

<h5>Are you a Candidate for In-Office Whitening</h5>

<p><strong>This procedure is not suitable for those with the following conditions:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>Tooth and gum hypersensitivity. To avoid a hypersensitive reaction, your dentist is likely to recommend take-home bleaching trays with a low concentration of carbamide peroxide - which is not as potent as hydrogen peroxide.</li>
	<li>Deep and intractable staining. Some stains are resistant to high-concentration in-office bleaches. in such cases, dentists may recommend a supervised regimen of intensive take-home bleaching or alternatives to peroxide bleaching such as bonding, crowns or porcelain veneers.
	<p>&nbsp;</p>
	</li>
	<li>Teeth that have become transparent with age. This is particularly true of the front teeth, which are thin to begin with.</li>
</ul>

<p>Prepping the Teeth &nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>Your teeth will likely be given a prophylactic cleaning to clear away plaque and debris that have collected on the surface and between the teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>A dental exam will be performed ( often in tandem with the prophylactic cleaning ) to check for potential problems such as sever tooth decay, cracks and gum disease. Bleaches can cause varying degrees of irritation if these conditions are present. Your dentist will likely delay the whitening procedure until such problems have been corrected.</p>
	</li>
	<li>Photos may be taken of your teeth, and their color measured on a shade guide. This provides a benchmark for assessing your whitening progress.</li>
</ul>

<h5>The In-Office Teeth Whitening Procedure</h5>

<p>While details may vary, a fairly standard routine is followed. Typically, the steps involved are not painful or uncomfortable; in fact, many patients doze or watch a DVD or TV during the procedure.</p>

<ul>
	<li>A cheek retractor is inserted into the mouth, exposing all the &quot;esthetic zone&quot; teeth ( teeth that are visible when you smile ).</li>
	<li>A liquid rubber dam or hardening resin is painted onto the gum tissue to protect against any irritation caused by the bleaching gel.</li>
	<li>A bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide is applied to the esthetic zone teeth and kept on for approximately 15 to 30 minutes.</li>
	<li>The bleaching gel is suctioned or washed off, and fresh gel is applied for one or more additional periods of 15 to 30 minutes.</li>
	<li>Some whitening treatments incorporate an intense light that is focused on the teeth and is said to activate or enhance the bleaching process. Opinions vary as to whether this light improves the bleaching outcome.</li>
	<li>Between gel applications, the teeth are checked to see how well they have whitened, and whether more bleach needs to be applied.</li>
	<li>After the final gel application, the cheek retractors are removed, the patient rinses and the immediate post-treatment shade change is measured. The teeth may whiten by as few as 2 to 3 shades or as many as 8 ( out of a total&nbsp; of 16 ). Part of the whitening effect is due to dehydration during the bleaching process, which makes the teeth look whiter than their true new color. That color will emerge after a couple of days.</li>
</ul>

<p>If a satisfactory level of whitening hasn&#39;t been achieved, your dentist may recommend follow-up in-office bleaching at a future date, and / or a regimen of take-home bleaching trays.</p>

<h5>In-Office Teeth Whitening Options</h5>

<p>A number of brand-name whitening systems are in use at dental offices today like:</p>

<ul>
	<li>BriteSmile, Opalescence Boost, Pola office, Zoom Chairside Whitening.</li>
</ul>

<h2> Deep Bleaching</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Deep_Bleaching_"></a>

<p>Deep bleaching is a multi-phase protocol involving a reversal of the usual chairside bleaching, followed by home bleaching. This technique has a reputation for whitening even the most intransigent stains ( due to tetracycline or fluorosis, for example ) and for maintaining optimally whitened teeth over the long haul.</p>

<h5>Step 1</h5>

<p>During an office visit, the dentist takes highly detailed impression of the teeth and gumline. Based on those impressions, vinyl trays containing bleaching-gel reservoirs are custom-fabricated. Resembling the aligners used in contemporary orthodontics, these tray provide a unique fit that compresses right up to the gumline. The intention is to keep the bleaching gel sealed inside, thus preventing gum irritation and the mixing of saliva with the gel.</p>

<p>Total chair time : 30 minutes.</p>

<h5>Step 2</h5>

<p>You return to the dentist&#39;s office for a &quot;conditioning visit&quot;. The aim here is not to whiten the teeth, but rather to make them more permeable to oxygen.</p>

<ul>
	<li>First, the outer surfaces of the teeth are polished with pumice powder.</li>
	<li>Next, two coatings of a desensitizing-conditioning agent are rubbed onto the teeth.</li>
	<li>Your custom-made bleaching trays are loaded with a 9% hydrogen peroxide gel and pressed onto the teeth. Since the trays are designed in part to protect the gums, the use of retractors and rubber dams is optional - though recommended for patients with extremely sensitive gums. The trays remain in place for 20 minutes.</li>
	<li>The gel is suctioned out of the trays and off the teeth.</li>
	<li>The trays are reloaded, reinserted for 20 minutes and then removed.</li>
	<li>Two coatings of desensitizer are again rubbed onto the teeth.</li>
</ul>

<p>Total chair time : Approximately 1 hour.</p>

<h5>Step 3</h5>

<p>You are sent home with a kit containing your trays, sufficient carbamide peroxide gel to be used overnight for 14 consecutive nights ( when saliva flow is at a minimum and least likely to interfere with the peroxide&#39;s bleaching action ) and a tooth desensitizer contained in a squeeze bottle. The goal is both to whiten the teeth and to make them more permeable to oxygen.</p>

<h5>Step 4</h5>

<p>Now with your teeth more receptive to the oxygenating effect of bleach, you return to the dentist&#39;s office - this time for a standard power bleaching session with retractors and rubber dam. Depending on how deeply the teeth have been bleached using the home trays, your dentist will use a 9% or a 27% hydrogen peroxide solution.</p>

<p>Following chairside bleaching, your teeth will have been bleached to maximum whiteness.</p>

<p>Total chair time : Approximately 1 hour.</p>

<h5>Step 5</h5>

<p>To maintain maximum whiteness, you continue using your Deep Bleaching Trays overnight once every 1 to 3 months. If you drink red wine on a daily basis, you are advised to use the trays overnight once every 2 weeks.</p>

<p>Dentists who use the Deep Bleaching regimen say it provides permanent deep-whitening if patients follow maintenance instructions.</p>

<h2> At-Home Teeth Whitening (Bleaching)</h2><a class="pglnk" name="At-Home_Teeth_Whitening_(Bleaching)_"></a>

<p>Home bleaching, also called matrix bleaching or nightguard vital bleaching, is relatively new way to whiten your teeth conveniently and cost effectively. It involves filling a plastic tray with a bleaching solution or gel and wearing it for a few hours each day or overnight. Although average treatment takes about six weeks, you may notice results after just a few days.</p>

<p>Lightly to moderately yellowed teeth usually respond well to home bleaching. In addition, patients who are not good candidates for in-office bleaching because of hypersensitivity, time restrictions or financial consideration can often be helped with home bleaching.</p>

<p>For some patients, home bleaching alone whitens the teeth to a desirable level. For others, a combination of home and in-office bleaching yields the best results. Your dentist can recommend the appropriate course of treatment for you depending on the nature and sensitivity of the discoloration. You will also probably need a few &quot;touch-up&quot; bleaching sessions every 6 to 12 months.</p>

<p>As with any treatment, home bleaching isn&#39;t right for everyone. Do not use any home bleaching product if you are heavy smoker or if you are pregnant or nursing a baby. Also keep in mind that home bleaching can have adverse side effect including tooth sensitivity, a burning sensation in the gums, soft-tissue sores or ulcers or a sore throat from swallowing the bleach. If you experience these or any other side effect, discontinue the bleaching and contact your dentist immediately. Although you may not be able to continue home bleaching, you may still be a good candidate for in-office bleaching.</p>

<p>If you think you&#39;d like to try home bleaching, see your dentist first. Although there are many home bleaching kits sold over the counter dentist-supervised products are applied in a controlled environment and use a custom-fitted mouthguard to ensure minimal contact between the gums and the bleaching agent. Follow your dentist&#39;s recommendations and instructions closely and visit the office for regular examinations.</p>

<p>The consensus is that dentist-dispensed whitening trays and whitening strips, when used as directed, can be even more successful than in-office bleaching over the long haul.</p>

<p>A key reason is their ongoing use, combined with the fact that small amounts of bleach remain within the tooth structure for up to 36 hours. When a new dose of bleach is applied to a tooth retaining the previous day&#39;s peroxide, its effect is greater.</p>

<h5>Advantages of At-Home Teeth Whitening</h5>

<ul>
	<li>Long-term results : Dental professionals agree that the only way to maintain your whitened teeth is with at-home bleaching products, repeated regularly - preferably every 4 to 6 months. But lately, many dentists are advising people with very dark-stained or tetracycline-affected teeth to continue home bleaching over a period of months ( or up to a year ) for optimal results. What&#39;s interesting is, the newest teeth whitening strips in the consumer market are intended for five-minute use every day, like brushing or flossing.</li>
	<li>Variety : You have a choice of whitening trays, strips or paint-on products, as well as numerous whitening accessories.
	<p>&nbsp;</p>
	</li>
	<li>Convenience : You can do home whitening at any time of the day or night, for short or extended periods.</li>
	<li>Probability : You can also use at-home whitening strips while on the go or at the office.</li>
</ul>

<h5>Must-Knows About At-Home Whitening</h5>

<p>Although you can get over-the-counter whiteners without a dentist&#39;s recommendation, if you over-use them or use them incorrectly, they can harm your tooth enamel and irritate your gum tissue. Also, over-bleaching can produce an undesirable bluish hue, chalky whiteness or uneven results ( otherwise known as &quot;the technicolor effect&quot; ).</p>

<p>Supervision by a dentist can prevent these problems. To ensure the health of your smile, see your dentist before choosing an over-the-counter tooth whitener and beginning the bleaching process. Dentists know a lot a about these products and can help you choose the right one and use it correctly.</p>

<p>Dentist-Dispensed Take-Home Whitening Trays</p>

<p>According to dental professionals, the best bleaching results come from dentist-dispensed take-home kits - particularly those that are used over extended periods. These kits contain higher percentages of bleach than over-the-counter kits and typically consist of :</p>

<ul>
	<li>Custom-fitted application trays made of a flexible plastic material. Custom trays offer several benifits
	<ul>
		<li>They help ensure that the bleach stays in contact with the teeth, for maximum whitening.</li>
		<li>The help prevent saliva from coming into contact with the bleaching agent ( which can dilute its strength ).</li>
		<li>They minimize the amount of bleach that can dribble onto ( and potentially irritate ) the gums.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Bleaching compounds are either pre-loaded into the trays or stored in syringes and added to the trays just before use. Generally the kits provide enough gel for one two-week treatment per year, plus one - or two-day touch-ups every four to six months.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h4>The following tray-bleaching systems are what most dentists dispense:</h4>

<p>Discus Dental Nite White and Day White ACP</p>

<p>Discus Dental Nite White Turbo</p>

<p>Discus Dental Zoom! Weekender Kit</p>

<p>Opalescence</p>

<p>Opalescence Tr&egrave;swhite Supreme : This innovative, one-size-fits-all system is designed for those who want a quick, convenient and relatively inexpensive whitener, with no wait for custom-made trays. Many people use this system while traveling or just before a major business meeting or social event.</p>

<p>Tr&egrave;swhite has a two-layer tray system that guarantees automatic alignment. The delivery trays are pre-loaded with a membrane-like inner tray coated with a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitener containing sensitivity-reducing mix of potassium nitrate and fluoride.</p>

<p>The wear time for Tr&egrave;swhite is 30 to 60 minutes, once a day. Packs of Tr&egrave;swhite Supreme ( 10 uppers and 10 lowers ), for use over the course of 5 to 10 days, are available in mint, peach and melon flavors.</p>

<h4>Whitening Strips</h4>

<p>Coated with the whitening gel, these thin, flexible membranes are designed to conform to the shape of the teeth. They are very convenient and easy to use - on mixing or molding is required. What&#39;s more, they are unobtrusive enough to be worn on the job or while commuting or shopping.</p>

<p>However, whitening strips are less effective than trays for removing between-the-teeth stains and are not suitable for crooked teeth. In addition, saliva can more easily find its way beneath whitening strips, diluting their potency. Some whitening strips - aren&#39;t long enough to cover a wide smile, and they tend to slip a side.</p>

<p>Crest Whitestrips Supreme, containing 14% hydrogen peroxide - the highest dose currently available in whitening strips dispensed at dentist&#39;s offices. These strips are wide enough to cover up to six teeth.</p>

<p>The Whitening Strips most dentists dispense : <strong>Listerine Whitening Quick Dissolving Strips</strong></p>

<p>Brush-On Whiteners</p>

<p>Pens with brush-on or foam-tip applicators provide what has been billed as fuss-free instant whitening. Used directly after meals or in daily regimens, as alternatives to whitening trays and strips, these whiteners are often considered instant &quot;antidotes&quot; to new stains from food, especially just consumed red wine.</p>

<p>The Brush-On Whiteners commonly used are : BriteSmile Whitening Pen, Zoom! Whitening Pen, Listerine Whitening Pen</p>

<h5>Whitening Toothpaste</h5>

<p>Technically speaking, all toothpastes are whitening toothpastes, since they remove surface plaque and debris. But only a few contain key whitening ingredients : chemical bleaching agents and abrasives in high concentrations.</p>

<p>When used regularly, these toothpastes may offer backup support for tooth whitening. Of course, given that brushing time is limited to a minute or two, that support is minimal. But since we all brush every day, some consider whitening toothpastes to be potential whitening enhancers.</p>

<h5>Toothpastes&nbsp; with Peroxide</h5>

<p>Because toothpaste foams all over the mouth and is swallowed, the percentage of any bleach it contains is low, to avoid irritation.</p>

<h5>Toothpastes with Abrasives</h5>

<p>Most toothpastes clean the teeth with finely ground abrasives such as silica, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate and baking soda. Whitening toothpastes contain more of these abrasives - though the paradox here is that overuse can cause more stains and can also dull the surface of dental crowns and veneers.</p>

<p>Whitening Floss</p>

<p>Floss may seem like an unlikely part of the tooth-whitening regimen, particularly as it is in contact with the teeth for only a second or two. But over the long haul, using whitening floss daily may assist with stain removal in the narrow space between the teeth, an area that even in-office bleaching has a hard time reaching.</p>

<p>Whitening floss differs from standard dental floss in its use of mild abrasives, typically silica.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2> Pre-Bleaching Instructions</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Pre-Bleaching_Instructions_"></a>

<ol>
	<li>Two weeks before bleaching brush teeth normally with a desensitizing toothpaste like Sensodyne, Colgate Sensitive, Senquill F or any toothpaste containing fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate.</li>
	<li>After brushing for few days, wear your empty bleaching trays alone for few hours or even over night.</li>
	<li>After wearing the empty trays place desensitizing gel in the tray for one hour before bleaching.</li>
	<li>After comfortable with trays alone or with toothpaste, place the bleaching material in the tray instead of the toothpaste.</li>
</ol>

<h2>Bleaching Instructions</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Bleaching_Instructions_"></a>

<h4>1. Prior to Treatment :</h4>

<blockquote>
<p>Brush and floss just prior to bleaching your teeth. The whitening gel is the most effective with clean teeth. Try the trays in first without any beach to check the fit and comfort. Make sure that the bleaching trays are clean and dry before applying the whitening gel. Moisture reduces the efficiency of the whitening gel and slows down the whitening process.</p>
</blockquote>

<h4>2. Applying the Bleach Gel :</h4>

<blockquote>
<p>When you apply the gel make sure not to fill the trays. Place a SMALL drop of tooth whitening gel half way up on the inner front surface of tray (in the front of each tooth in the tray). Do not spread the bleach around. Recap the syringe for next treatment until empty. The average treatment per arch requires approximately 0.5ml of whitening gel.</p>
</blockquote>

<h4>3. Inserting the Bleaching Trays :</h4>

<blockquote>
<p>Insert whitening tray in the mouth over the teeth. Seat the tray firmly against the teeth. Wipe the excess gel, which seeps over the brim of the tray onto your gums, by holding the tray up with one hand, wipe the excess gel off of the gums with your finger or tissue. Wear the tray with the gel as directed below.</p>
</blockquote>

<h4>4. Wearing Time :</h4>

<p>We recommend that if you have not whitened before, use for 30 minutes to 1 hour the first time and increase the wearing time if there is little or no tooth sensitivity.</p>

<p>General manufacturers recommended wearing times are:</p>

<ul>
</ul>

<blockquote>
<p>For Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gels:</p>

<ul>
	<li>10%, 15% or 16% strength can be used 2 to 4 hours once or twice/day or overnight while sleeping if no sensitivity</li>
	<li>20-22% bleaching gel: use for 30 minutes to 1 hour once or twice per day (do not exceed 1 hr/application).</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
<p>For Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gels:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching gel must only be used for 30 minutes to 1 hour.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

<h4>5. After Whitening :</h4>

<blockquote>
<p>Remove the tray and rinse off your teeth. Brush any remaining gel away. Brush, floss and continue routine dental cleaning. Apply desensitizing gel if your teeth become too sensitive.</p>
</blockquote>

<h4>6. Caring for Your Trays and Gel :</h4>

<p>Clean whitening trays with a toothbrush and cold water. Store trays in the tray holder and gel in cool dry place away from heat and direct sunlight. The gel may be refrigerated to prolong the shelf life, but do not freeze.</p>

<blockquote>
<p><strong>Note:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>As an average, optimum results are achieved after 20-30 cumulative sessions of wear-time</li>
	<li>Longer wear times create faster whitening results</li>
	<li>Faster results can be achieved with higher concentrations of Carbamide Peroxide or Hydrogen Peroxide.</li>
	<li>50% of the bleaching takes place in the first 1-2 hours.</li>
</ul>

<p>Conduct your whitening session once per day until desired level of whitening is attained.</p>
</blockquote>

<h4>7. :</h4>

<blockquote>
<p>Repeat the cycle daily. If no problem with sensitivity, you may replace 10% CP with a higher concentration to possibly shorten the bleaching time.</p>
</blockquote>

<h5>8. :</h5>

<p>If you have sensitivity after bleaching begins, do some of the following:</p>

<blockquote>
<ul>
	<li>Skip a night / day or two of bleaching, and start again.</li>
	<li>Change from night wear (using 10% CP to day wear if not already doing so, i.e. bleach for less time. Start with 30 minutes and increase the wearing time if you experience no sensitivity.</li>
	<li>Most effective is to place Desensitizing Gel inside the tray after bleaching. Do NOT mix with bleaching gel.</li>
	<li>Alternate wear times of tray, with desensitizing material in one time period, and bleaching material the next.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2> Making the Most of Bleaching</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Making_the_Most_of_Bleaching_"></a>

<p>1. If possible, sit or lie in the sunlight with your mouth open after bleaching. The tooth structure will actually absorb some of the sun rays, which allows the bleach to continue working. Be careful, however not to burn your skin.</p>

<p>2. When performing home bleaching, avoid consuming citrus fruits and juices, soft drinks and antacids. These products contain substances that when consumed with the bleaching agent can slow down the tooth whitening process and cause mild mouth irritation.</p>

<p>3. Decrease your intake of refined sugars while bleaching is taken place to reduce the chances of decay.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2> Teeth Whitening Risks</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Teeth_Whitening_Risks_"></a>

<p><strong>Teeth whitening treatments are considered to be safe when procedures are followed as directed. However, there are certain risks associated with bleaching that you should be aware of:</strong></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p><strong>Sensitivity </strong> : Bleaching can cause a temporary increase in sensitivity to temperature, pressure and touch. This is likeliest to occur during in-office whitening, where higher-concentration bleach is used. Some individuals experience spontaneous shooting pains (&ldquo;zingers&rdquo;) down the middle of their front teeth.<br />
	Individuals at greatest risk for whitening sensitivity are those with gum recession, significant cracks in their teeth or leakage resulting from faulty restorations. It has also been reported that redheads, including those with no other risk factors, are at particular risk for tooth sensitivity and zingers.<br />
	Whitening sensitivity lasts no longer than a day or two, but in some cases may persist up to a month. Some dentists recommend a toothpaste containing potassium nitrate for sensitive teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><strong>Gum irritation </strong> : Over half of those who use peroxide whiteners experience some degree of gum irritation resulting from the bleach concentration or from contact with the whitening trays. Such irritation typically lasts up to several days, dissipating after bleaching has stopped or the peroxide concentration lowered.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p><strong>Technicolor Teeth :</strong> Restorations such as bonding, <a href="/crowns/"> dental crowns</a> or <a href="veneers.html">porcelain veneers</a> are not affected by bleach and therefore maintain their default color while the surrounding teeth are whitened. This results in what is frequently called &ldquo;technicolor teeth.&rdquo;</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Maintaining Your White Smile</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Maintaining_Your_White_Smile_"> </a>

<p><strong>To extend the longevity of newly whitened teeth, we recommend:</strong></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>At-home follow-up or maintenance whitening &mdash; implemented immediately or performed as infrequently as once a year.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Avoiding dark-colored foods and beverages for at least a week after whitening.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Whenever possible, sipping dark-colored beverages with a straw.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Practicing excellent oral hygiene &mdash; brushing and flossing after meals and at bedtime.</p>
	</li>
</ul>

<h2>Caveats</h2><a class="pglnk" name="Caveats"></a>

<p>In addition to the aforementioned risk factors, a number of caveats should be considered before undergoing teeth whitening :</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>
	<p>No amount of bleaching will yield &quot;unnaturally&quot; white teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Whitening results are not fully seen until approximately two weeks after bleaching. This is an important consideration if you are about to have ceramic restorations and want to be sure the color matches that of your newly bleached teeth.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>If, cosmetic bonding, porcelain veneers or other restorations are part of your treatment plan, they should not be placed until a minimum of two weeks following bleaching to ensure proper adhesive bonding, function and shade matching.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>To avoid the technicolor effect, tooth-colored restorations will likely need replacement after bleaching.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Recessed gums often reveal their yellowish root surfaces at the gum line. That yellow color has proven difficult to bleach.</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>Pregnant or nursing women are advised to avoid teeth whitening. The potential impact of swallowed bleach on the fetus or baby is not yet known.</p>
	</li>
</ul>
',
			'my_token' => '9rl3w',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle>
<section class="toggle">
<label>01. What tooth whitening choices are there if I am interested in whitening my teeth ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p><a href="../treatment/43#Teeth_Whitening_Options_">Please Click Here</a> </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>02. Is bleaching safe or does it damage the tooth ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>To our knowledge nothing detrimental has been documented and microscopic research shows no changes to the tooth structure.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>03. What are the side effects of tooth whitening ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>All bleaching gel causes some degree of tooth sensitivity. This is sensitivity to cold/hot fluids and even air can cause discomfort. This is normal and an expected side effect. All bleaching causes tooth sensitivity and we recommend to either discontinue use for a few days and the sensitivity will dissipate within 24-48 hrs.  Donâ€™t be concerned as bleaching does not need to be done consecutively. You will get to the same whitening point, it will just take a little longer. A better alternative is to use Desensitizing Gel which is applied after bleaching in the same manner as the bleach. Using a desensitizing toothpaste like Sensodyne or any of over the counter toothpastes containing potassium nitrate as the active  ingredient will help.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>04. How long will it take for teeth to become whitest ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Result vary. Some teeth whiten dramatically in just a few days, while others can take a few months. The majority of people whiten within 2-3 weeks.  The more yellow versus gray color you have in your teeth, the better the bleaching. Grey enamel similar to that of Tetracycline (antibiotic) staining is more difficult to bleach and can take a few months to achieve a result.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>05. How long the whitening will results last ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Generally, immediately after bleaching, the color will fade slightly and then remain stable for approx. 6 months to a year, sometimes longer. It is recommended for maintenance to touch up your smile every 4-6 months with 1-2 applications.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>06. Why it is not recommended to bleach your teeth or use whitestrips while pregnant or nursing ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>No research has been done into bleaching teeth while nursing or pregnant, so manufacturers for liability reasons recommend NOT to bleach while pregnant or nursing.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>07. Will bleaching gel whiten my veneers, caps ( crowns ) and bonding ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>All bleaching agents used to whiten teeth will only work on natural tooth structure. This means that all dental work including but not limited to bonding, veneers, crowns (caps) and bridges will NOT bleach or whiten. All dental work would need to be replaced to match the newly whitened teeth. </p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 08. What is the shelf life and wearing time of bleaching gel ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Generally the shelf life of most bleaching gel is approx. 2 yrs if refrigerated and 1 yr un-refrigerated. Un-refrigerated bleach should be stored in a dry cool environment. The wearing time is based on the strength of bleaching gel.</p>
<ul >
<li>10% - 16% can be used for 
minutes to overnight if no sensitivity.</li>
<li>20% - 22% 1 hour / application.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 09. Which bleaching gel works the best i.e. faster ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The active ingredient is the same with most bleaching brands. Zoom, Nite White turbo and Day White have a slightly different active ingredient, which works a little more rapidly, but in the same manner. Some feel that these products cause more tooth sensitivity. Please keep in mind that some teeth are more difficult to bleach than others no matter what bleaching agent you use. The older you are and the more gray your teeth are, the more difficult it is to bleach. Some teeth that will achieve only minor whitening improvement no matter what product you use.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 10. What is the difference between carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>There are 2 main bleaching ingredients. Carbamide peroxide (e.g. Opalescence, dentist.net, Nite white) and hydrogen peroxide (e.g. Day White, Zoom, and Nite White turbo). Comparatively, a 7.5% hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to a 16% carbamide peroxide while a 9.5% hydrogen peroxide is equivalent to a 26% carbamide peroxide.</p>

<p>Carbamide peroxide actually breaks down into hydrogen peroxide. Patients must wear Nite White for a longer period of time so that the carbamide can break down in to hydrogen peroxide, the active ingredient. The only real difference for you is the wearing time. Nite White was first developed in a 10% solution to be used overnight, allowing time for the carbamide peroxide to breakdown into hydrogen peroxide. With the demand for a more effective bleaching agent, the 16% and 22% were launched. The 16% can also be used overnight while the 22% is used for 1 hour only. Both Day White and Nite White will take you to the same bleaching end point. Theoretically it would appear then that Day White 9.5% would be more effective but there is no research to substantiate this.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 11. How long I should refrain from coffee and red wine after bleaching ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>It is recommended to avoid such during whitening and for 1 week after tooth bleaching. We however recommend not changing your lifestyle. If you feel that your teeth have yellowed over time, it is okay to do touch-up bleaching 1-2 applications every 4-6 months as needed.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 12. Will teeth whiten to the same degree on everyone ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Noâ€¦Results vary. Some teeth whiten dramatically in just a few days, while others may take weeks to months to show a difference, if any. The more yellow versus gray color you have in your teeth, the better the bleaching result. Grey enamel similar to that of Tetracycline (antibiotic) staining is more difficult to bleach. Some normal teeth will achieve only minor whitening improvement no matter what product you use. Results cannot be guaranteed.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 13. The area of the teeth near the gums is still not as white as the rest of the tooth ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Make sure that the bleach covers the entire surface of the tooth and not just the bottom half. The average tooth will usually have a seamless whitening transition from whiter at the bottom of the tooth (biting surface) to less white towards the gum line. This is normal and an expected result. This is due to thinner enamel in this area allowing more show through of the tooth color. Very few cases have total uniform whiteness. With grayish teeth, the transition is occasionally somewhat more noticeable. One might see a demarcation area / line between the 2 areas. Keep in mind that whitening fades and the tooth will in most instances gradually blend. In some cases that are extremely resistant to bleaching, one might consider bonding or veneers as an alternative treatment.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 14. I just started bleaching and it looks uneven with white spots and blotchiness. Should I continue bleaching or stop ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>It is also normal that certain areas of the tooth such as areas of decalcification will respond more rapidly to bleaching resulting in blotchiness at first while the rest of the tooth catches up as one continues to bleach. The blotchiness is the first to fade after stopping resulting in a more uniform appearance.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 15. How long do you recommend using the bleaching gel ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>The choice when to stop bleaching is really a personal one. Stop when you are pleased with the results. Teeth will gradually get whiter and within either a few days or 2 weeks in most cases reach a plateau where they will not get any whiter. This is the maximum amount of whitening you will reach and at that point do not bleach any further. It is normal for it to fade slightly and then stabilize after you have discontinued. We don't recommend bleaching beyond 2-4 weeks. Most teeth whiten well within the first week of use.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 16. It is very difficult to spread the bleach in my custom whitening trays. Do you have any suggestions for distributing the gel more evenly ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>All you need to do is place a continuous line of bleach half way up on the inner side of outer wall of the whitening tray so that it forms a rope line of bleaching gel which will not run or slump. When you place the tray over the teeth, the teeth will displace the gel to cover the tooth surface (i.e. the teeth will spread the bleach).</p>

<p>You can see where the bleach covers the tooth and if it appears deficient in an area, you can merely touch the tray gently on the outside to move the bleach around. The gel consistency should be thick and viscous. By creating the gel with increased viscosity allows better retention of the bleach against the tooth surface and therefore more effective even whitening.</p>

<p>If you are refrigerating the product, allow it to sit for a few hours before using it to allow it to be more flow able.</p>

</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label> 17. During bleaching my gums were burning, leaving several areas of my gums white. Is this due to overfilling ?</label>
<div class="toggle-content" >
<p>Either your trays are covering the gum area or you overfilled the trays. All you need is either to place a small droplet in each tooth or a bleach line midway across the inner outer wall of the tray. The gums will return to normal in a few hrs i.e. the whiteness will disappear. Avoid any further bleaching until healed. Avoid hot and spicy foods till then. Next time use less and use for 15 minutes and then increase the time on subsequent bleaching periods.</p>

</div>
</section>




</div>
',
			'before_id' => '24'
		)
	),
	(int) 19 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '45',
			'pre_cat' => '32',
			'page_type' => '1',
			'title' => 'Root Canal Treatment',
			'image' => '',
			'description' => '',
			'my_token' => 'mgvlf',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">

<section class="toggle">
<label>What is a root canal?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Dentists use the term â€œroot canalâ€ in referring to the tiny, narrow passageways that
branch from a central, hollow space in your tooth (called the pulp chamber) down to the
ends of the tooth roots. The term can also be used as a shorthand for â€œroot canal
treatmentâ€ â€” that is, the procedure used to save the tooth if the soft tissue deep inside
of it (called pulp) becomes acutely inflamed or infected.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Why do I need root canal treatment?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If tooth pulp becomes acutely inflamed or infected â€” because of decay or injury for
example â€” the tissue will need to be removed in order to save the tooth and stop the
infection from spreading. As an adult, you don&#39;t actually need the pulp â€” its primary use
is to aid in tooth development during childhood.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is there an alternative?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>You could have the whole tooth extracted, but it&#39;s always better to try to save it â€”
especially since root canal treatment is routine and has a very high success rate (over
90%). Saving the tooth can prevent other troubles from occurring later on; these could
include bite problems from teeth shifting position, difficulty eating, and loss of jawbone
volume and density.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Is root canal treatment painful?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The procedure normally causes no more discomfort that a filling would. Root canal
treatment may have a bad reputation, but it is undeserved; in this case it&#39;s the disease
that&#39;s to blame and not the cure. In other words, the infections that make the treatment
necessary in the first place are often painful because they are inflaming tissue that has
lots of nerves and therefore is very sensitive. Root canal treatment actually relieves this
pain!</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What will happen during the procedure?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>After numbing the area, a tiny hole is made in your tooth to access the pulp chamber
and canals. The diseased tissue is removed, and the pulp chamber and the canal(s) are
disinfected all the way to the root end(s). Teeth in the front of the mouth have one root
and generally one canal; back teeth have two or three roots and generally three or four
canals. Those canals and the pulp chamber are filled with an inert, biocompatible

material, and sealed with adhesive cement. The access hole will receive a temporary
filling.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What will happen afterwards?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Your tooth may feel sensitive for a few days, but any discomfort can usually be relieved
with over-the-counter pain medication or anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen. You will be
instructed to avoid chewing on that tooth until it receives its permanent filling, which can
be placed a few days later. Depending on how damaged the tooth was to begin with, it
may need a full-coverage crown. Those options will be discussed with you.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How can I avoid the need for root canal treatment in the
future?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Keep your teeth decay-free by brushing and flossing every day. Eat a healthy diet low in
sugar and avoid acidic beverages such as soda. Have regular professional cleanings
and exams. And if you&#39;re active in sports, consider ordering a custom-made mouthguard
to protect your teeth from injury.</p>
</div></section>


</div>
',
			'before_id' => '51'
		)
	),
	(int) 20 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '48',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Full Mouth Rehabilitation',
			'image' => '2018-11-01_09_35_am_fullmouth-rehebitation.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#What">What is Full Mouth Rehabilitation</a></li>
	<li><a href="#When">When you may require full mouth rehabilitation</a></li>
	<li><a href="#How">How the Full Mouth Reconstruction Process Begins</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="What" name="What"></a>What is Full Mouth Rehabilitation</h2>

<p>Full mouth reconstruction, full mouth rehabilitation and full mouth restoration are terms often used interchangeably to describe the process of rebuilding or simultaneously restoring all of the teeth in both the upper and lower jaws.</p>

<p>Full mouth reconstruction typically involves general or restorative dentists (performing procedures like crowns, bridges and veneers), and can incorporate dental specialists like periodontists, oral surgeons, orthodontists and endodontists</p>

<h2><a id="When" name="When"></a>When you may require full mouth rehabilitation</h2>

<ol>
	<li>Teeth that have been lost due to decay or trauma.</li>
	<li>Teeth that have been injured or fractured.</li>
	<li>Teeth that have become severely worn as a result of long-term acid erosion (foods, beverages, acid reflux) or tooth grinding.</li>
	<li>full mouth rehabilitation may be required to overcome some other condition and diseases such as:
	<ul>
		<li>Frequent headaches or migraines.</li>
		<li>Temporomandibular Joint Syndrome</li>
		<li>Pain in teeth that seems to move around full mouth.</li>
		<li>Facial, neck, shoulder and/or back pain.</li>
		<li>Jaw locking problem or feeling limited movement of jaws.</li>
		<li>Feeling congestion or stuffiness in ears.</li>
		<li>Hearing sound of clicking or grating from the jaw joints.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
</ol>

<h2><a id="How" name="How"></a>How the Full Mouth Reconstruction Process Begins</h2>

<p><strong>Full mouth reconstruction involves the following steps</strong></p>

<ol>
	<li>Before we actually start your full mouth rehabilitation, we take a detailed history of your present and past dental problems and also about your general health. This helps us in ascertaining the cause of your problem and also in future treatment planning.</li>
	<li>Extra oral and intra oral examination to know the status of your
	<ul>
		<li><strong>Teeth</strong>: The condition of your teeth will determine what restorative procedures may be needed, such as porcelain veneers or full-coverage crowns, inlays or onlays, bridges or implants restored with a crown. In particular, we will make note of any cavities and decay, tooth wear, cracks, short/long teeth, root canal issues and any tooth movement.</li>
		<li><strong>Periodontal (gum) tissues</strong>: If your gums are not healthy, you will most likely need scaling and root planing to treat periodontal disease. You may require more intensive treatments from a periodontist to ensure that your newly reconstructed teeth will have a solid foundation. Such treatments could involve soft tissue or bone grafts to build up your gums and underlying jaw bone. we will look for deep pockets, excessive or insufficient gum tissue, periodontal disease and bone density irregularities.</li>
		<li><strong>Temporomandibular joints, jaw muscles and occlusion:</strong> A stable bite &ndash; one in which you are not in pain when you close your mouth or chew and one that does not cause wear or destruction of your teeth &ndash; is important to your overall oral health. Occlusal changes need to be taken into consideration when we plans your restorations. In fact, you may require orthodontics (dental braces) or some other type of treatment (night guard or bite reprogramming orthotic) to correct occlusion before additional restorative procedures can be performed. We check the way your teeth contact in centric relation and during various movements of your lower jaw like protrusive movement, right and left lateral movement</li>
		<li><strong>Esthetics:</strong> The color, shape, size and proportion of your teeth, and how they appear in relation to your gums, lips, mouth, side profile and face, are also important factors in full mouth reconstruction treatment.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>We might recommend you to get certain radiographic like I.O.P.A x ray ,O.P.G., C.B.C.T and pathological test done.</li>
	<li>Intra oral and extra oral photographs are taken to keep a record of your teeth ,gums, bite and esthetics</li>
	<li>All other required treatments like extractions, oral prophylaxis, gum treatment. R.C.T., restorations are carried out</li>
	<li>Impressions of your upper and lower jaws are made to construct the study and working models</li>
</ol>

<p>Once your bite has been corrected and re-aligned, the dentist will consider cosmetic procedures to complete the full mouth reconstruction. Sometimes these are more than simply cosmetic and will repair cracked or broken teeth that have been causation pain. These final procedures may include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Porcelain veneers</li>
	<li>Dental bonding</li>
	<li>Dental implants</li>
	<li>Laser tooth whitening</li>
	<li>Porcelain crowns</li>
</ul>

<p>In summation, we could say that full mouth rehabilitation is the combination of dental occlusion, dental balance and functionality, with dental esthetics&#39;s. But in reality, in order to accomplish a proper and healthy dental occlusion and esthetics, it has to include the following dental specialties:Preventative Dentistry</p>

<ul>
	<li>Dental Anatomy</li>
	<li>Basic Dental Rehabilitation</li>
	<li>Dental Prosthodontics which includes Porcelain Veneers, Crowns and Bridges, Dentures &amp; Partials</li>
	<li>Endodontics or Root Canals and Posts</li>
	<li>Periodontics or Gum Disease treatments</li>
	<li>Dental Occlusion</li>
	<li>Dental Implants and Oral Surgery and Bone Grafts</li>
	<li>Cosmetic Dentistry / Smile Makeovers including Teeth Whitening / Bleaching</li>
	<li>Orthodontics or Braces</li>
	<li>Dental Laser</li>
</ul>

<p>With a fix full mouth&nbsp;rehabilitation, patients appearance, functionality and comfort typically change dramatically for the better. Not only are they able to chew better, but the body&trade;s natural ability to extract food&trade;s nutritional elements more efficiently is enhanced, due to the fact that the food is more broken down (masticated) and the diet is not limited to softer foods. Remember that nutrition starts at the mouth with mastication; a healthy mouth will enhance a healthy body and a healthy mind.</p>

<ul>
</ul>
',
			'my_token' => 'fu9sb',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>What is Full Mouth Rehabilitation?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Full Mouth Rehabilitation uses dental treatments and procedures to restore
the structure and function of your teeth,gums and jaw. It improves the
appearance &amp; function of your mouth, ensures proper oral hygiene and
improves your overall health.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>When Would I Need Full Mouth Rehabilitation?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Mostly this dental procedure is used if there are several areas of decay or
disease, or in case of injuries in the mouth.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the Signs?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If you have a severe toothache, continuous jaw pain, recurring headaches
or unconformable neck pain, you may be suffering from poor jaw or tooth
alignment , and teeth that are worn, chipped, broken, or missing.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What if I Opt Out Even if My Dentist Recommends It?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Dental problems are much more than just discomfort to certain portions of
your mouth. Such problems tend to get worse with time, causing immense
pain. Moreover, a disease or decay in your mouth can affect the health of
your entire body. Moreover, you forgo the chance of having a beautiful
smile.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What Procedures Are Involved in Full Mouth Rehabilitation?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>There are a number of different procedures, depending on the dental
problems you are facing. It could involve dental implants, root canal
therapy, crown and bridges, dental veneers, teeth whitening and a number
of other such procedures.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How Long Will it Take?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The amount of time needed by the dentist would depend upon extent of
the dental problems. It could take several appointments. In the first sitting,
the dentist would check the problem and analyze the problem. The dentist
would then schedule the necessary appointments.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What Does Full Mouth Rehabilitation Cost?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The cost would also depend on the extent of the dental problems. What
you can know for sure is that this procedure is totally worth the money
because it can get your smile back. You would be smiling because of the
absence of pain and the feeling of comfort, as well as being able to give a
full, healthy and beautiful smile!</p>
</div></section>


</div>
',
			'before_id' => '61'
		)
	),
	(int) 21 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '49',
			'pre_cat' => '32',
			'page_type' => '1',
			'title' => 'Post and Core',
			'image' => '',
			'description' => '',
			'my_token' => 'fwcjk',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '',
			'before_id' => '18'
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	),
	(int) 22 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '50',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'All Ceramics Restoration ',
			'image' => '2018-11-01_11_05_am_ALL-CERAMIC.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Application">Application</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Brief">Brief History</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Ceramic">Do Ceramic Crowns look Natural? </a></li>
	<li><a href="#Crown_Type">Know Which Crown Type is Right for Me? </a></li>
	<li><a href="#How_Many">How Many Visits will Treatment Take for my Crown Procedure?</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p>It might come as a surprise, but &quot;all-ceramic&quot;restorations have been around for most of the past century. These restorations have no metal and are totally made of ceramic glass sometimes strengthened with a translucent material such as zirconium. They have always been a highly desirable cosmetic solution for front teeth even without the availability of modern bonding. Incorporating bonding with all-ceramic crowns potentially can restore both the strength and beauty to that of unblemished natural teeth. Today teeth that have too much damage to be corrected with fillings or veneers can still be made white and natural with all ceramic crowns. Examples of all-ceramic crown systems we use are Empress, Procera, and Lava, as well as computer aided all-ceramic designed crowns. Dr.Gupta with your input, decides which system is the most appropriate to achieve strongest the most natural looking crowns for your smile.</p>

<p>In prosthodontics, gold is the best material for use in fixed restorations due to its superior marginal adaptation, wear resistance and kindness to the opposing dentition but then the aesthetic demands of the dentists driven by the aesthetic demands of the patients changed this equation and new techniques and materials were developed to fulfill those demands. Metal-ceramic restorations went through several stages till it gained a degree of success that allowed it to be in many ways a better replacement for gold restorations and today it&rsquo;s considered one of the most successful and widely used ceramic system in prosthetic dentistry. However, this metal base can affect the aesthetics of the porcelain by decreasing the light transmission through the porcelain and by creating metal ion discolorations. In addition, some patients have allergic reactions or sensitivity to various metals. These drawbacks, have prompted the development of new all-ceramic systems that do not require metal, yet have the high strength and precision fit of ceramo-metal systems The intent is to create a translucent restoration that mimics the appearance of the natural tooth, but without compromising the other factors that are important for the clinical success.</p>

<h2><a id="Application" name="Application"></a>Application</h2>

<p>All ceramic finds its application in the fabrication of different prosthesis or part of prosthesis in dentistry like</p>

<ul>
	<li>full crown,</li>
	<li>bridge</li>
	<li>inlay-onlay</li>
	<li>veneer</li>
	<li>Post and core</li>
	<li>implant abutment</li>
	<li>implant prosthesis</li>
</ul>

<h2><a id="Brief" name="Brief"></a>BRIEF HISTORY</h2>

<p>The first all-ceramic crowns introduced by Land in 1903 were relatively weak materials with limited clinical use. In 1965, McLean and Hughes formulated aluminous porcelain compositions that are still in use today. These materials are composed of feldspathic porcelain to which approximately 50 percent aluminum oxide is added to increase the strength and baking temperature. As such, aluminous porcelain compositions can be used as cores to replace the metal substructure used in ceramo-metal constructions. They are veneered with conventional feldspathic porcelain to reproduce the contour and shade of a natural tooth. Because aluminous porcelain shrinks during the baking procedure, the fit of finished aluminous crowns is generally much poorer than that of ceramo-metal crowns. Although aluminous crowns are considered more lifelike in appearance than their ceramometal counterparts, their successful fabrication is extremely technique-sensitive. The clinical fracture reported for these types of restorations is relatively high: 2 percent for anterior crowns and 15 percent for posterior crowns. More recently, newer types of all-ceramic restorations have been developed that may prove to have a lower incidence of clinical fracture for three important reasons: -</p>

<p>&nbsp;-All-ceramic restorations today consist of stronger materials and involve better fabricating techniques.<br />
- Most all-ceramic restorations can be etched and bonded to the underlying tooth structure with the new dentin adhesives.<br />
- With greater tooth reduction than what was previously used for PJCs, clinicians now provide laboratory technicians with enough room to create thicker and stronger restorations.</p>

<p>The newer types of ceramic dental restorative materials used for all-ceramic crowns, veneers and inlays are either variations of feldspathic porcelain (for example, Optec HSP,Jeneric/Pentron; In-Ceram,Vident; Cerec, Vident; Celay,Vident; IPS Empress, Ivoclar North America; and Optec Pressable Ceramic, Jeneric/Pentron) or are made of entirely different compositions (for example,Dicor, Dentsply, L.D.Caulk Division; Duceram LFC, Degussa Corp.). The methods used for fabricating some of these restorations are quite different from those used for ceramo-metal restorations and porcelain jacket crown</p>

<h2><a id="Ceramic" name="Ceramic"></a>Do Ceramic Crowns look Natural?</h2>

<p>The most attractive, natural, and life like crowns are those that treat light as close as possible to a healthy natural tooth. When normal light rays strike a tooth part of that light is reflected back from the surface of the tooth and part of the light enters the body (crown) of the tooth, bounces around inside the tooth and is transmitted back to the eye after it has been bent, called refracted light. The wave lengths of this reflected and refracted light can be measured by a machine called a spectrometer. Dental crown materials that more closely match the refraction index of a natural tooth will appear close to if not exactly like an adjacent natural tooth. This should be true in different light settings, meaning sun light, fluorescent and incandescent indoor light, as well as night club lighting.</p>

<p>The challenge to dentists has been to master this complex area of light transmission while still achieving the strength needed for a man made crown or cap to function biting and chewing different foods with minimal risk of breaking.</p>

<p>The challenge to dentists has been to master this complex area of light transmission while still achieving the strength needed for a man made crown or cap to function biting and chewing different foods with minimal risk of breaking.</p>

<p>It is thought that the elements needed for greater long term success were the ability to bond crowns to teeth and the availability of resin cements both of which are available today.</p>

<p>Dentistry now sits at the threshold of a new era for all porcelain crowns and bridges. One in which camera captured digital images will be able to reduce or eliminate the need to take impressions in the mouth. The digital information obtained can then be used to make all the necessary components involved in making an all ceramic crown which of course could also be digitally made.</p>

<h2><a id="Crown_Type" name="Crown_Type"></a>Know Which Crown Type is Right for Me?</h2>

<p>At Smiles by Design, Dr.Gupta will examine your mouth FREE and tell you which crown type is suited for your problem. If your problem can be solved in a less involved way such as with Invisalign, porcelain laminate veneers, bonding, reshaping teeth, or whitening, Dr. Gupta will advise you of this at this FREE consultation.</p>

<h2><a id="How_Many" name="How_Many"></a>How Many Visits will Treatment Take for my Crown Procedure?</h2>

<p>Most all ceramic single crown cases are completed in just two visits. Cases that involve multiple teeth can involve more appointments. However, your teeth are always protected with cosmetic pleasing temporary crowns.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'z7hz8',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple" data-plugin-toggle="">
<section class="toggle">
<label>Why would I get an all ceramic restoration instead of a metal one</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>No Dark Line: Often, even with crowns that are made of a combination of porcelain and metal, it is
easy to see where the restoration ends and your natural tooth begins, creating a noticeable dark line.
This can make your teeth appear dirtier than they actually are, and stick out whenever you smile or
speak. All ceramic restorations, however, are able to blend in seamlessly, hiding the area between your
tooth and the restoration.
More Beautiful: This is where the true advantage of all ceramic restorations lie. The porcelain material
used can be shaped, shaded, and sized to perfectly blend into your smile. Most people will not know
that you have had a restoration at all. This makes them especially appropriate for your front teeth.
Non-Allergenic: Many people are not able to get traditional restorations because they have metal
allergies. Ceramic crowns and bridges are completely bio-compatible, meaning that they easily work
with your body without causing irritation to your gums.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How To Get All Ceramic Restorations</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>If you are interested in getting one of your teeth repaired or replaced, the first step is to visit Dr. Gupta
at Smile By Design . This will give him the chance to examine your teeth and gums to make sure an all
ceramic restoration will work for you. After that, Dr. Gupta will probably be able to give you a crown or
bridge in as little as two visits.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How Long Do They Last?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The expected lifetime of a&nbsp;porcelain veneer&nbsp;is somewhere between seven and 20 years. Veneers sometimes come off or chip. If this happens, they can be repaired or replaced. Also, over time, the living tooth and gum tissue around the veneers will undergo changes that may require alterations to your veneers.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>HOW DO I GET VENEERS TO MATCH MY OTHER TEETH?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Maintenance for your ceramic restorations is very simple, as they only require routine brushing and
flossing. The ceramic itself can never get a cavity, but your remaining tooth can start to decay and your
gums may recede if they become infected. This may change how the restoration fits and can make it
non-functional. Between your home routine and getting regular check-ups, your restoration can easily
last for decades.</p>
</div></section>

</div>
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		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '51',
			'pre_cat' => '33',
			'page_type' => '1',
			'title' => 'Dentures',
			'image' => '',
			'description' => '',
			'my_token' => '2abjv',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '',
			'before_id' => ''
		)
	),
	(int) 24 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '52',
			'pre_cat' => '33',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'BPS Denture',
			'image' => '',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	<li><a href="#Advantages">Advantages</a></li>
	<li><a href="../faq/34">FAQ</a></li>
	<li><a href="../before_after_viwe/20">Before And After Photographs Of Cases</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><br />
<a id="Introduction" name="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2060a4c52.jpg" style="height:233px; width:194px" /></p>

<p>Teeth Radiate Character, Attractiveness, and Liveliness. &ndash; Attractive teeth provide you with self-confidence, Charisma, and self-assurance. It goes without saying, therefore, that you would want to gather all the necessary information that can help you reach a decision regarding optimum dentures for you.</p>

<p>If you have one or more of the following problems with your dentures</p>

<ol>
	<li>Loose fitting lower dentures.</li>
	<li>Unable to chew hard foods.</li>
	<li>Unable to speak clearly.</li>
	<li>Unable to smile confidently.</li>
</ol>

<p>then it&rsquo;s the right time to switch from your existing conventional denture to scientifically designed B.P.S. denture.</p>

<p>BPS Dentures - A system of dentures much beyond the conventional. The integration of clinical research, high end equipment and the best possible in materials ensure a satisfaction level that conventional dentures can rarely provide.</p>

<p>High quality standards ensure that BPS dentures meet your individual requirements. The masticatory (jaw movements while chewing) movements and the sensitivity of the oral mucous membranes are taken into consideration, as well as the wearing comfort during daily use, such as eating or speaking. The scientific impression recording procedures (different from conventional) and simulation of jaw movements by state of the art articulators in BPS (Biofunctional Prosthetic System) ensure that the exact mechanics and nature of your jaw movements are perfectly understood by the dentist and the certified dental technician of the B.P.S.. This translates in to a BPS denture that meets even your most exacting requirements.</p>

<h2><a id="Advantages" name="Advantages"></a>Advantages</h2>

<p><img alt="" src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/196ae3734.jpg" style="max-width:320px" /></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<h3>Reduced irritation to the gums from free monomer as there is complete polymerization.</h3>

<p><strong>Strong :</strong> extremely dense material reduces the chances of breakage. Dentures are guaranteed against breakage for two years.</p>

<p><strong>Clean : </strong>because of the injection moulding process used in processing the denture, the denture base becomes non porous limiting the traditional odour expected from dentures.</p>

<p><strong>Accuracy : </strong>again, due to the injection moulding process, conventional dimensional changes do not occur. Dentures are accurate and they fit as expected.</p>

<p><strong>Health : </strong>because BPS dentures are accurate, none irritating, comfortable, aesthetically pleasing, patients can eat better than conventional dentures.</p>

<p><strong>Esthetics : </strong>Due to the natural appearance of Ivoclar teeth, resistance to wear and the attention to detail and precision incorporated during the construction of the dentures, dentures appear as natural as possible, so patients can smile, speak and laugh with confidence.</p>

<p><strong>Fit :</strong> due to extreme care incorporated in the construction of the dentures, it results into a better fitting, more comfortable prostheses (dentures that will require fewer adjustment appointments).</p>

<p>Normally BPS&reg; Dentures require 5 &ndash; 7 Appointments, however the number of appointments could be reduced to four appointments only, but the time per appointment will increase accordingly.</p>
',
			'my_token' => 'w4cja',
			'status' => '1',
			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>1. What is a BPS Denture?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>BPS (Biofunctional Prosthetic System) dentures are made with systematically coordinated materials and techniques from one manufacturer to suit the individuals&rsquo; intra oral condition appropriately. BPS denture reproduces the functions of the natural teeth during mastication and speaking to a very high extent.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>2. What is the advantage of BPS?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The patient will get a well fitting denture which is stable during functions like chewing, eating and speaking. The denture is extremely light and comfortable to wear, the teeth used are the best available &ndash; which are most aesthetic and wear very less &ndash; therefore enhance the life of the denture.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>3. Can I eat harder foods with BPS dentures?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Yes. Even harder foods can be consumed immediately after denture insertion. The usage of high quality teeth sets and the work in the articulator according to the BPS principles makes a BPS denture a masterpiece.</p>
</div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>4. What is an Articulator?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>It is a device which emulates the human jaw movements.</p>
<img src="../../app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/197248ab2.jpg" /></div></section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>5. What is the technology used to process the dentures?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The dentures are processes using continuous injection molding technique with high fracture resistant and 25years clinical approved material. The material not only ensures strength but is the lightest material available for denture base</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>For whom is BPS interesting?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>BPS is an opportunity for all dentists, who offer their patients high-quality brand dentures and would
like to actively increase patient loyalty. Additional services provided by your laboratory (e.g. patient
card, denture care tips) and the means of communication made available to you by Ivoclar Vivadent
will increase the satisfaction of your patients.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>What are the objectives of BPS?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>BPS brand prosthetics has been designed to satisfy the quality requirements of your patients. This
will boost the reputation of removable denture prosthetics and promote the communication between
dentists and dental technicians. Under the umbrella of the strong BPS Team, a cooperation will
develop, which opens up new perspectives and ways of thinking for all members.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>What are BPS brand dentures?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Only certified BPS Laboratories may fabricate BPS brand dentures of the core products defined in
the agreement.
These BPS core products are:
ï‚· Stratos articulators
ï‚· Ivoclar Vivadent teeth
ï‚· Ivoclar Vivadent denture base materials
Furthermore, the teeth must be set-up and the dentures completed according to the Ivoclar Vivadent
method. The set-up course during the certification process is the prerequisite.
If all these requirements have been met, we can speak of BPS brand dentures, due to their
consistently high quality standard.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section class="toggle">
<label>How do I talk to my patients about BPS?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Your patients attach great value to accurately fitting and aesthetic dentures. At the same time,
however, competent help and information in case of questions or problems are equally important.
With the help of the various BPS means of communication, your patients can get informed directly in
the waiting room. Moreover, professional explanations by means of the corresponding flowchart may
be conducted during the consultation.</p>
</div>
</section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>How can I order BPS give-aways?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>The BPS give-aways are available under the respective article number from your Ivoclar Vivadent
contact..</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
',
			'before_id' => '20'
		)
	),
	(int) 25 => array(
		'Add_treatments' => array(
			'id' => '53',
			'pre_cat' => 'pre',
			'page_type' => '0',
			'title' => 'Guided Implant Surgery',
			'image' => '2018-11-01_11_09_am_Guided_Implant_Surgery.png',
			'description' => '<ul>
	<li><a href="#what">What is guided implant surgery</a></li>
	<li><a href="#cone">Cone-beam CT</a></li>
	<li><a href="#software">Implant planning software</a></li>
	<li><a href="#template">Surgical Template</a></li>
	<li><a href="#surgery">Surgery</a></li>
	<li><a href="#mechanism">Surgical template drilling mechanism</a></li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="what"></a>What is guided implant surgery</h2>

<p>Guided implant surgery uses patient&rsquo;s CT images to plan implant surgery through computer software. Conventional implant planning via panoramic x-ray images has its limitations as precise execution according to the surgery plan is often difficult. However, guided implant surgery can be executed accurately and precisely as planned. For guided implant surgery a customized surgical template and a specialized surgery tool kit is needed.</p>

<p><strong>Guided implant surgery requires the following tools</strong>:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Medical or Cone-beam CT</li>
	<li>Implant planning software</li>
	<li>Guided implant surgery drill kit</li>
	<li>Custom surgical template</li>
</ul>

<p>Guided implant surgery follows the following procedures:</p>

<ul>
	<li>CT Scan</li>
	<li>Planning with Software</li>
	<li>Order Surgical Template</li>
	<li>Sugery</li>
</ul>

<h2><a name="cone"></a>Cone-beam CT</h2>

<p>Figure 2. Cone Beam CT<br />
<img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/208a42465.jpg" style="float:left" /><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2097e1ddc.jpg" style="float:right; height:176px; width:228px" />Cone-beam CT is a specialized x-ray equipment that scans the patient in three-dimension. By using Cone-beam CT along with proper software, a precise and accurate examination of the patient, with realistic visuals, can be achieved.</p>

<p>We can offer you Advantage beyond imaging</p>

<h2><a name="software"></a>Implant planning software</h2>

<p>Cone-beam CT produces images in DICOM format, and an implant planning software reads these DICOM files and reconstructs them in two-dimensional or three-dimensional images. These softwares provide various tools for implant planning, therefore, the user can refer to the anatomic structure of the patient and plan a safe surgery.</p>

<p>We can offer you Advantage beyond imaging<br />
Figure 3. Implant planning software</p>

<h2><a name="template"></a>Surgical Template</h2>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2104f8f04.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p><strong>Figure 3</strong>. <em>Implant planning software</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Surgical template is an equipment that holds the surgical planning information. In general, it is in the shape of an orthodontic splint, and worn by the patient during surgery. On the surgical template, small metal sleeves are inserted in place, which guides the drilling and implant direction. It is essential for the surgical template to be fabricated to perfectly fit the patient. Several manufactures provide surgical template fabrication service along with implant planning software. Upon sending the planning data made with the software back to the manufacturer, the manufacturer will use the data to fabricate a customized surgical template and have it delivered.</p>

<p>We can offer you Advantage beyond imaging<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/211824b2c.jpg" style="width:300px" /></p>

<p><strong>Figure 4</strong>. <em>Surgical template; 6 sleeves guide the implant drilling, 2 sleeves for the anchor pin. Anchor pins are use to firmly place the surgical template in the patient&#39;s oral cavity.</em></p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/212259f4a.jpg" /></p>

<p><strong>Figure 5</strong>. <em>Surgical template placed in the patient&#39;s oral cavity</em></p>

<ul>
	<li>Endoscope navigation for brain surgery using virtual endoscope</li>
	<li>Virtual endoscope and endoscope registration methods</li>
	<li>Virtual endoscope registration technology using stereo endoscope</li>
	<li>Medical image registration technology using Stereo endoscope<br />
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<p>To use a surgical template for guided surgery, a special drill kit must be used. Surgical templates and implants vary from manufacturer, and various guided surgery kits are available on the market. Therefore, the manufacturer must confirm which surgery kit to be used with each surgical template.</p>

<p><strong>Table 1. Component manufacturers for Guide Implant Surgery</strong></p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="8"><strong>Guided Surgery Kit</strong></td>
			<td><strong>Manufacturer</strong></td>
			<td><strong>Product</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cybermed</td>
			<td>In2Guide&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nobel Biocare</td>
			<td>NobelGuide&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biomet 3i</td>
			<td>Navigator&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straumann</td>
			<td>Guided Surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Astra</td>
			<td>Facilitate&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Densplay</td>
			<td>ExpertEase&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Materialise</td>
			<td>SAFE SurgiGuide Kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="4"><strong>Planning Software</strong></td>
			<td>Cybermed</td>
			<td>In2Guide&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nobel Biocare</td>
			<td>Procera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Materialise</td>
			<td>Simplant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cybermed</td>
			<td>In2Guide&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2"><strong>Surgical Template</strong></td>
			<td>Nobel Biocare</td>
			<td>NobelGuide&trade;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Materialise</td>
			<td>SurgiGuide</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>In general, surgery kits are composed of the following parts. Table 2.</p>

<p>General components of guided implant surgery kit</p>

<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Anchor Pin/Anchor Drill</strong></td>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/213dfe595.jpg" /></td>
			<td>Ensures the surgical template is firmly fixed to the oral cavity. Drilling is done with the Anchor Drill then Anchor Pin is inserted to place the surgical template.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Tissue Punch</strong></td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Used to remove tissue during flapless implant surgery.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Drill Guide</strong></td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Connects to the sleeve and guides the drill into the planned angle and direction. There are several drill guides to accommodate different drill sizes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><strong>Drill</strong></td>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/214f28924.jpg" /></td>
			<td>Guided by the Drill guide, a drill has a self-stoper allowing the drill depth to be controlled</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/2159fb7cb.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p><strong>Anchor pin are drilled into the bone to prevent movement of the surgical template during surgery.</strong></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/21642c087.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p><em>3^ 6. Surgical Template firmly fixed by the Anchor Pin</em></p>

<h2><a name="surgery"></a>Surgery</h2>

<p>Once the Surgery kit and surgical template is ready, the surgery procedure is as follows. The drilling sequence is shown with an implant 4.0mm. (^<em>Drilling sequence may vary from case to case</em>)</p>

<p><strong>Table 3. Guided implant surgery procedure</strong></p>

<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="1" style="width:100%">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/217c24ca8.jpg" /></td>
			<td>
			<p><strong>Surgical template preparation</strong></p>

			<ol>
				<li>Get rid of excess areas with bur.</li>
				<li>Disinfect the Surgical template</li>
			</ol>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/219617227.jpg" /></td>
			<td>
			<p><strong>Soft tissue removal</strong></p>

			<ol>
				<li>Using the Tissue punch, punch through the soft tissue</li>
				<li>Take out the Anchor pin and remove the surgical template</li>
				<li>Remove the Soft tissue</li>
				<li>Place the Surgical template and reinsert the anchor pin</li>
			</ol>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/21875d2a1.jpg" /></td>
			<td>
			<p><strong>Drilling</strong></p>

			<ol>
				<li>Drill with 2.0mm drill guide and 2.0mm drill.</li>
				<li>Drill with 3.0mm drill guided and 3.0mm drill.</li>
			</ol>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/22063cadd.jpg" /></td>
			<td>
			<p><strong>Implant installation</strong></p>

			<ol>
				<li>Attach the guided surgery mount to the implant</li>
				<li>Place all implants</li>
				<li>Remove anchor pin and detach surgical template</li>
			</ol>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/221571b53.jpg" /></td>
			<td>
			<p><strong>Attach provisional restoration</strong></p>

			<ol>
				<li>Attach the pre-made provisional restoration</li>
			</ol>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<h2><a name="mechanism"></a>Surgical template drilling mechanism</h2>

<p>As described above, upon surgery planning with an implant planning software, a surgical template is fabricated based on the planning. The following figure shows how the drilling direction and depth is applied.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="http://smilebydesign.co/app/webroot/ckeditor/plugins/imageuploader/uploads/222303559.jpg" style="width:100%" /></p>

<p><strong>Figure 7. Deciding the sleeve position using a 5mm implant and 21mm drill</strong></p>

<p>In the figure above, the left image shows a plan for an 11.5mm implant to be placed in the 36 tooth region. If a 21mm drill is used, the sleeve is placed 8.5mm above bone level. The leftover 1mm is the thickness of the drill guide; therefore, drilling is done precisely to the length of the implant.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
',
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			'faq' => '<div class="toggle toggle-primary toggle-simple">
<section class="toggle">
<label>What is computer-guided dental implant surgery?</label>
<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Computer-guided implant surgery, introduced in 1999, is a procedure that has significantly improved the
precision and predictability in the replacement of teeth with dental implants.</p>
</div></section>

<section class="toggle">
<label>Whatâ€™s so special about Computer-guided Dental Implant Surgery?</label>

<div class="toggle-content">
<p>Computer-guided dental implant surgery enables to place implants in a more precise and less invasive
procedure.
Hereâ€™s how it works: a 3D cone-beam scan of the patientâ€™s mouth is used to create virtual surgery,
where models of the patientâ€™s mouth and the 3D scans are overlayed to enable the surgeon to
â€œperformâ€ a simulated procedure. This information is used to create a computer-generated surgical
guide to assist in the precise placement of the implants.
It is particularly helpful in cases where the margin of error is small, and where a free-handed approach
may result in a negative outcome. A guided approach enables the surgeons to know the exact location
of vital structures including nerves, tooth roots, bone and sinuses.
Guided implant placement is also helpful in cases where all of the teeth in the dental arch are missing
and no other landmarks for orientation are present. A guide in this situation allows the surgeon to
understand where the planned restorative position will be.
Sometimes computer-guided surgery is a valuable communication tool between the restorative dentist
and the surgeon, due to the importance of the implant placement being restorative driven and
biologically compatible. A guide fabricated by the restorative dentist with the planned restoration in
mind helps the surgeon determine whether the planned implant position is possible.
When implant placement procedures are precisely guided by a computer, this often results in less pain,
swelling, bruising and discomfort following surgery. These procedures also frequently require smaller
incisions, which results in a speedier healing process after surgery.</p>
</div></section>

</div>
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